Dmitry Georgievich Knorre(born July 28, 1926, Leningrad) - Soviet and Russian scientist in the field of chemical kinetics, molecular biology and bioorganic chemistry. Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, laureate of the Lenin Prize, Prize of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation. Son of Professor Georgiy Knorre.

Biography

Dmitry Georgievich Knorre was born on July 28, 1926 in Leningrad. In 1947 he graduated, and in 1951 - graduate school. In 1967 he defended his dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Chemical Sciences; since 1969 - professor.

Scientific activity

The main areas of scientific research of D. G. Knorre include bioorganic chemistry of nucleic acids and proteins, molecular biology and chemical kinetics. Under his leadership, cycles of fundamental research were carried out to study the mechanisms of formation of peptide, phosphodiester and phosphamide bonds. He and his students developed methods for the synthesis of oligonucleotides, created a set of reactive derivatives of oligonucleotides used for targeted modification of nucleic acids and components of matrix biosynthesis systems.

Participated in writing textbooks for universities:

Under the leadership of D. G. Knorre, over 60 candidate's theses were defended, and eight of his students became doctors of science.

Awards

Personal life

D. G. Knorre’s daughter Vera Dmitrievna is a researcher at the Biocatalysis Laboratory at the Institute of Biochemistry and Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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Notes

Links

• on the official website of the Russian Academy of Sciences
• (unavailable link)

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An excerpt characterizing Knorre, Dmitry Georgievich

- Well, will you be there soon? You're digging here! - he shouted at the servants.
Dolokhov removed the money and, shouting to the man to order food and drink for the road, he entered the room where Khvostikov and Makarin were sitting.
Anatole was lying in the office, leaning on his arm, on the sofa, smiling thoughtfully and gently whispering something to himself with his beautiful mouth.
- Go, eat something. Well, have a drink! – Dolokhov shouted to him from another room.
- Don't want! – Anatole answered, still continuing to smile.
- Go, Balaga has arrived.
Anatole stood up and entered the dining room. Balaga was a well-known troika driver, who had known Dolokhov and Anatoly for six years and served them with his troikas. More than once, when Anatole’s regiment was stationed in Tver, he took him out of Tver in the evening, delivered him to Moscow by dawn, and took him away the next day at night. More than once he took Dolokhov away from pursuit, more than once he took them around the city with gypsies and ladies, as Balaga called them. More than once he crushed people and cab drivers around Moscow with their work, and his gentlemen, as he called them, always rescued him. He drove more than one horse under them. More than once he was beaten by them, more than once they plied him with champagne and Madeira, which he loved, and he knew more than one thing behind each of them that an ordinary person would have deserved Siberia long ago. In their revelry, they often invited Balaga, forced him to drink and dance with the gypsies, and more than one thousand of their money passed through his hands. Serving them, he risked both his life and his skin twenty times a year, and at their work he killed more horses than they overpaid him in money. But he loved them, loved this crazy ride, eighteen miles an hour, loved to overturn a cab driver and crush a pedestrian in Moscow, and fly at full gallop through the Moscow streets. He loved to hear this wild cry of drunken voices behind him: “Go! let's go! whereas it was already impossible to drive faster; He loved to pull a man's neck, who was neither alive nor dead, avoiding him. "Real gentlemen!" he thought.
Anatole and Dolokhov also loved Balaga for his riding skill and because he loved the same things as they did. Balaga dressed up with others, charged twenty-five rubles for a two-hour ride, and only occasionally went with others himself, but more often he sent his fellows. But with his masters, as he called them, he always traveled himself and never demanded anything for his work. Only having learned through the valets the time when there was money, he came every few months in the morning, sober and, bowing low, asked to help him out. The gentlemen always imprisoned him.
“Release me, Father Fyodor Ivanovich or your Excellency,” he said. - He’s completely lost his mind, go to the fair, lend what you can.
Both Anatol and Dolokhov, when they had money, gave him a thousand and two rubles.
Balaga was fair-haired, with a red face and especially a red, thick neck, a squat, snub-nosed man, about twenty-seven, with sparkling small eyes and a small beard. He was dressed in a thin blue caftan lined with silk, over a sheepskin coat.
He crossed himself at the front corner and approached Dolokhov, extending his black, small hand.
- Fyodor Ivanovich! - he said, bowing.
- Great, brother. - Well, here he is.
“Hello, your Excellency,” he said to Anatoly as he entered and also extended his hand.
“I’m telling you, Balaga,” said Anatole, putting his hands on his shoulders, “do you love me or not?” A? Now you've done your service... Which ones did you come to? A?
“As the ambassador ordered, on your animals,” said Balaga.
- Well, do you hear, Balaga! Kill all three and come at three o'clock. A?
- How will you kill, what will we go on? - Balaga said, winking.
- Well, I’ll break your face, don’t joke! – Anatole suddenly shouted, rolling his eyes.
“Why joke,” the coachman said, chuckling. - Will I be sorry for my masters? As long as the horses can gallop, we will ride.
- A! - said Anatole. - Well, sit down.
- Well, sit down! - said Dolokhov.
- I’ll wait, Fyodor Ivanovich.
“Sit down, lie, drink,” said Anatole and poured him a large glass of Madeira. The coachman's eyes lit up at the wine. Refusing for the sake of decency, he drank and wiped himself with a red silk handkerchief that lay in his hat.
- Well, when to go, Your Excellency?
- Well... (Anatole looked at his watch) let’s go now. Look, Balaga. A? Will you be in time?
- Yes, how about departure - will he be happy, otherwise why not be in time? - Balaga said. “They delivered it to Tver and arrived at seven o’clock.” You probably remember, Your Excellency.
“You know, I once went from Tver for Christmas,” said Anatole with a smile of memory, turning to Makarin, who looked at Kuragin with all his eyes. – Do you believe, Makarka, that it was breathtaking how we flew. We drove into the convoy and jumped over two carts. A?
- There were horses! - Balaga continued the story. “I then locked the young ones attached to the Kaurom,” he turned to Dolokhov, “so would you believe it, Fyodor Ivanovich, the animals flew 60 miles; I couldn’t hold it, my hands were numb, it was freezing. He threw down the reins, holding it, Your Excellency, himself, and fell into the sleigh. So it’s not like you can’t just drive it, you can’t keep it there. At three o'clock the devils reported. Only the left one died.

Anatole left the room and a few minutes later returned in a fur coat belted with a silver belt and a sable hat, smartly placed on his side and suiting his handsome face very well. Looking in the mirror and in the same position that he took in front of the mirror, standing in front of Dolokhov, he took a glass of wine.
“Well, Fedya, goodbye, thank you for everything, goodbye,” said Anatole. “Well, comrades, friends... he thought about... - my youth... goodbye,” he turned to Makarin and the others.
Despite the fact that they were all traveling with him, Anatole apparently wanted to make something touching and solemn out of this address to his comrades. He spoke in a slow, loud voice and with his chest out, he swayed with one leg. - Everyone take glasses; and you, Balaga. Well, comrades, friends of my youth, we had a blast, we lived, we had a blast. A? Now, when will we meet? I'll go abroad. Long lived, goodbye guys. For health! Hurray!.. - he said, drank his glass and slammed it on the ground.
“Be healthy,” said Balaga, also drinking his glass and wiping himself with a handkerchief. Makarin hugged Anatole with tears in his eyes. “Eh, prince, how sad I am to part with you,” he said.

Dmitry Georgievich Knorre(born July 28, 1926, Leningrad) - Soviet and Russian scientist in the field of chemical kinetics, molecular biology and bioorganic chemistry. Full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Sciences, laureate of the Lenin Prize, the Prize of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation. Son of Professor Georgy Knorre.

Biography

Dmitry Georgievich Knorre was born on July 28, 1926 in Leningrad. In 1947 he graduated from the Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology named after D.I. Mendeleev, and in 1951 - graduate school at the Institute of Chemical Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1967 he defended his dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Chemical Sciences; since 1969 - professor.

Since 1951, he worked at the Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (in 1951-1955 - junior researcher, in 1956-1960 - senior researcher, in 1960-1984 - head of the laboratory of nucleic acid chemistry, in 1984 -1996 - director of the institute.

From 1967 to 1984 he was dean of the Faculty of Natural Sciences of Novosibirsk State University (NSU).

On November 26, 1968 he was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and on December 29, 1981 - a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (since 1991 - RAS) in the Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Chemistry of Physiologically Active Compounds. After 1996 - Advisor to the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Member of the editorial board of the journals Uspekhi Chemistry and Molecular Biology.

Scientific activity

The main areas of scientific research of D. G. Knorre include bioorganic chemistry of nucleic acids and proteins, molecular biology and chemical kinetics. Under his leadership, cycles of fundamental research were carried out to study the mechanisms of formation of peptide, phosphodiester and phosphamide bonds. He and his students developed methods for the synthesis of oligonucleotides, created a set of reactive derivatives of oligonucleotides used for targeted modification of nucleic acids and components of matrix biosynthesis systems.

Participated in writing textbooks for universities:

• in collaboration with Professor N.M. Emanuel - “Course of Chemical Kinetics” (1962, then three more editions);
• in collaboration with Professor L. F. Krylova and V. S. Muzykantov - “Physical Chemistry” (1981);
• in collaboration with Professor S. D. Myzina - “Biological Chemistry” (1998, then three more publications; in 2000 he was awarded the Russian Government Prize in the field of education);
• in collaboration with Professor S. D. Myzina, Professor O. S. Fedorova and Dr. n. T. S. Godovikova - “Bioorganic chemistry” (2011).

Under the leadership of D. G. Knorre, over 60 candidate's theses were defended, and eight of his students became doctors of science.

Awards

• Order of Honor (1999) - for his great contribution to the development of domestic science, training of highly qualified personnel and in connection with the 275th anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences
• Order of Lenin (1981)
• Order of the October Revolution (1986)
• 2 Orders of the Badge of Honor (1967, 1985)
• Medal “For Valiant Labor. In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" (1970)
• Honorary title “Honored Worker of Higher School of the Russian Federation” (2003)
• Lenin Prize laureate (1990)
• Laureate of the USSR Council of Ministers Prize (1987)
• Laureate of the Government of the Russian Federation Prize in the field of education (2000)
• Winner of the award named after. M. M. Shemyakin of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1988) - for a series of works “Study of phosphorylation reactions used in bioorganic chemistry”
• Big gold medal named after M.V. Lomonosov (2016)

Personal life

D. G. Knorre’s daughter Vera Dmitrievna is a researcher at the Biocatalysis Laboratory at the Institute of Biochemistry and Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Dmitry Georgievich Knorre was born on July 28, 1926 in Leningrad. Graduated from the Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology named after D.I. Mendeleev in 1947

He worked as a junior and then as a senior researcher at the Institute of Chemical Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 1947-1960), head. Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Head. department of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1960. Organizing director (1983-1984), director (1983-1996), chief researcher (since 1996) of the Novosibirsk Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry SB RAS (since 2003 - SB RAS). Currently - Advisor to the Russian Academy of Sciences. Corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1968, academician since 1981 - Department of Biological Sciences.

D.G. Knorre is a famous Russian scientist, the founder of research in the field of molecular biology, bioorganic chemistry and biochemistry in the SB RAS, the founder of the Department of Biochemistry in the SB RAS and then, the Novosibirsk Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the SB RAS.

Specialist in the field of bioorganic chemistry of nucleic acids and proteins. Among the most fundamental works carried out under the leadership of D. G. Knorre are cycles of research on the mechanisms of formation of peptide, phosphodiester and phosphamide bonds. He and his students developed methods for the synthesis of oligonucleotides and created a wide range of reactive derivatives of oligonucleotides for the targeted modification of nucleic acids and the most important components of matrix biosynthesis systems.

Winner of the award named after. M. M. Shemyakina.

Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation.

Biobibliographic electronic resource "Academician Dmitry Georgievich Knorre" on the website of the Branch of the State Public Library for Science and Technology of the SB RAS.

Founder and mascot

Read leading publications in all areas, work seven days a week, check on employees in the mountains... July 28 to the founder of the SB RAS, academician Dmitry Georgievich Knorre turns 90 years old. His student, head of the laboratory of bioorganic chemistry of enzymes, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, spoke about the secrets that allowed the scientist to successfully manage a scientific organization Olga Ivanovna Lavrik.

About the attractive atmosphere of science

I came to the laboratory of natural polymers at the Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, which was headed by Dmitry Georgievich from the very beginning, as a third-year student at the Faculty of Natural Sciences of Novosibirsk State University (I started going to different laboratories to get acquainted with science from the second year, I really wanted Among them, choose the one you like the most). And I immediately felt the atmosphere of everyday creativity and creation that reigned there. Dmitry Georgievich certainly has a talent for creating groups, and it manifested itself even then. At this time, wonderful researchers worked in the laboratory: Stanislav Konstantinovich Vasilenko, Lev Stepanovich Sandakhchiev, Ernst Georgievich Malygin, Mikhail Aleksandrovich Grachev, Alexander Semenovich Girshovich. They were distinguished by a diverse range of approaches to science, were graduates of Moscow universities or, before coming to Siberia, worked in leading laboratories in Moscow, and came to Dmitry Georgievich because he wanted to create a laboratory that would be the basis for the development of molecular biology and biochemistry in Siberia. These people grew into remarkable scientists and later organized other leading scientific centers. Thus, Lev Stepanovich Sandakhchiev, later elected academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, was the founder and for many years director of the NPO “Vector” in Koltsovo, Mikhail Aleksandrovich Grachev (also elected academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences) was director for many years in Irkutsk.

The Laboratory of Natural Polymers dealt with the hot problem of that time - the study of the structure and functions of transfer RNA (molecules that are key in the process of protein biosynthesis). It must be said that it was there that, for the first time in Russia, the biochemical production of transfer RNA was established and individual transfer RNA, specific to the amino acid valine, was isolated. Speaking to the point, to a very serious extent, in the laboratory of natural polymers and subsequently in the department of biochemistry, the biochemical basis was laid for many studies carried out not only at our institute, but also in many scientific organizations of the country, for example at the Institute of Molecular Biology named after. V.A. Engelhardt RAS. That is, the laboratory, from the very first steps of its existence, was key and important for the development of molecular biology in Russia. And this level, despite the fact that the team was young, was felt from the very beginning by us, the NSU students and graduates who came: we understood that we were working with scientists who were doing important work, studying the hottest problems and striving to make breakthrough discoveries. However, the scientific atmosphere in the laboratory was such that we considered even mastering techniques, not to mention participating in the development of new research methods, to be our most important task, almost at the level of the Manhattan Project. It was very good practice to work late, including Saturdays and Sundays. We always went to the laboratory with joy, the atmosphere there was wonderful!

When the department of biochemistry grew out of the laboratory of natural polymers, the development there was already largely supported by NSU graduates. As the dean of the Faculty of Natural Sciences of NSU, Dmitry Georgievich attached great importance to the development of physical and chemical biology. Already at the very beginning of the 1970s, he was thinking about creating a specialized department at the university for training scientists in this field with good training in mathematics, physics, and physical chemistry. Such training could be provided by the FEN programs, which he supervised as the dean of this faculty. Dmitry Georgievich came from the school of academician N.N. Semenov and before his departure to Siberia he worked in Moscow at the Institute of Chemical Physics. His textbooks on chemical kinetics, written in collaboration with academician N.M. Emanuel, are known to everyone in the country who specializes in this area of ​​research. Perhaps the main feature of the Knorre school is that in research in molecular biology, very important importance is attached to the “physicochemical foundation,” that is, the use of quantitative methods. He taught a course in physical chemistry at the university, which he later moved to the second year of study, because he believed that this was a very important basis for education. He laid the foundations for a course in biological catalysis, which describes enzymatic transformations in biological systems (this course is still very important in understanding physicochemical approaches in molecular biology for both chemists and biologists of FEN NSU).

Looking to the future, Dmitry Georgievich was very supportive of NSU graduates. At first I worked with him at the Department of Physical Chemistry as an assistant, then, when I was still in graduate school, he assigned me to teach a course in biological catalysis, which was a great confidence on his part and an excellent school of pedagogical work. I still teach this course, constantly transforming it in accordance with modern trends in enzymology.

Then, together with academician Rudolf Iosifovich Salganik, D.G. Knorre organized the Department of Molecular Biology at NSU and was its head for several years. In addition to chemical and biological specialization, the department had a so-called “hybrid” stream, the students of which received a significant amount of special courses originally created for each of these areas.

Dmitry Georgievich was an excellent head of the department, he thought a lot about educational programs and constantly discussed them with employees. It was very interesting to work with him at NSU, and I enthusiastically taught the specialization of graduate chemists, whose training was constantly improved and modified. It was not very clear why he decided to leave this post in 1988. Apparently, given his personal demands on the work he performed, it seemed difficult for him to combine the head of the department with the post of director of the institute that had been organized by that time.

About exactingness, hard work and some controversial issues

Dmitry Georgievich really paid great attention to the selection of personnel. It was not like he accepted any person into the laboratory without talking in detail in person. Even when D.G. Knorre was already the head of the institute, he preserved this tradition. Now it will be difficult for me to remember, but it seems that he asked me about my hobbies in science. I answered him that I wanted to understand in detail how chemical reactions occur in a living cell. The answer was rather naive, because these are very complex systems of transformations that have not yet been fully studied.

In general, Dmitry Georgievich was very demanding and strict towards his students. And this could be clearly read behind his external softness. To be honest, we were, of course, afraid of him. At least I absolutely do. And for me in life there are two Knorres. One of them was my supervisor in graduate school, and then the head of the department and director of the institute, where, after defending my doctoral dissertation, my laboratory was created. He was a demanding and very strict leader. I remember very well that it was not easy to decide to talk about any complex but important issue. I planned and thought about it sometimes for days. And then, when he stopped being the director, we developed warmer human relations. It was probably right not to cross the clear line of official communication until a certain point. To some extent, this was even preferable for me, since it determined my significant independence in my work, which I really liked. But I can say that Dmitry Georgievich always, being first the head of a large department and then the director of the institute, found time to discuss the results of scientific work with employees.

To create the institute, it was necessary to enlist the support of a very influential academician in our field, Yuri Anatolyevich Ovchinnikov, who in the 1970s and early 1980s decided all the most important organizational issues and determined the distribution of the budget in molecular biology. His opinion on the question of what new scientific organizations needed to be created and on what platforms was decisive.

It must be said that at that time we did not yet have a council for defending doctoral dissertations, so Dmitry Georgievich sent us to Moscow for this. He sent me to the Institute of Chemistry of Natural Compounds of the USSR Academy of Sciences (now the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry named after Academicians M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov RAS) to a council headed by Yu.A. himself. Ovchinnikov. This, of course, was a great confidence on the part of Dmitry Georgievich. I remember that, realizing the importance of the event, I did not sleep the whole night before the defense and was very worried. Fortunately, everything went well.

About checking the mountains

The main non-scientific hobby of D.G. Knorre had mountains. And I can say that my first fairly close acquaintance with him happened there. I came to the laboratory for an internship as a third-year student, and that same summer Dmitry Georgievich invited me to go on a hike with him to Altai. There I saw other character traits of Knorre, and they, in general, correlated with the idea of ​​him that had developed in the laboratory. The hike turned out to be very difficult. Even a greater category of complexity than originally planned. This happened a little by accident, because we lost our way, took the wrong path, but discovered a difficult pass. There were only two women in this group (me and Vera Altunina (Starostina), we were still very young, and for the first time in our lives we had to conquer mountains with climbing equipment. Due to the fact that we lost our route, at the end of the hike the food ran out, and for the last few days we walked quite lightly. Even then I realized that Dmitry Georgievich loves to overcome difficulties and the creative path with him will be very difficult, but full of discoveries and surprises.

I got the impression that D.G. Knorre generally liked to invite his employees to the mountains, probably he somehow got to know them better there. That is, it was a kind of test before setting off with them on a long journey of scientific research.

About the connection of times

We are all very glad that Dmitry Georgievich is celebrating his 90th birthday. I must say: the fact that he still comes to the institute every day (I emphasize - every day, including Saturday and Sunday) is very important for. He is like a talisman for us. Because, after all, the most intensively working laboratories of the institute, actively developing their areas of science, are precisely those headed by students of D.G. Knorre. Until now, such leading scientists as Doctors of Chemical Sciences G.G. are successfully working at the institute and managing laboratories. Karpova, G.A. Nevinsky, O.S. Fedorova, director academician V.V. Vlasov.

We all belong to the original school of Dmitry Georgievich, although we already have our own “daughter schools” in our chosen areas of science, recognized in Russia and abroad. Of course, due to the demands of the time, the new name and direction of the institute, today we work a lot in the field of fundamental medicine, but we came to this area not as “doctors”, but with solid fundamental directions in chemical biology. This circumstance allows us to develop world-class research, thereby increasing the glory of our institute with serious discoveries, as well as publications in high-rated journals. Therefore, it is fair that “chemical biology” comes first in the name of the institute. All the main discoveries are made in fundamental science, and Dmitry Georgievich seems to protect this science, coming to the institute he created every day. It seems very touching to us that the old sign with the former name “Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry SB RAS”, removed from the entrance, hangs on the inside of the door of his office. And let her stay there as long as possible.

Recorded by Diana Khomyakova

Photos courtesy of O.I. Lavrik and from the archives of the SB RAS

• Doctor of Chemical Sciences (1967).
• D. G. Knorre graduated from the Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology in 1947 and postgraduate studies at the Moscow Institute of Chemical Physics in 1951.
• Professor (1969)

Scientific career

• 1951-1955 - junior researcher at the Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences
• In 1967-1984 - Dean of the Faculty of Natural Sciences of NSU
• 1984-1996 - Director of the Novosibirsk Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry SB RAS
• 1960-1984 - Head of the Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Chemistry at the Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
• Member of the editorial board of the journals "Advances in Chemistry" and "Molecular Biology".
• In 1967 he defended his doctoral dissertation.
• After 1996 - Advisor to the Russian Academy of Sciences.
• 1956-1960 - senior researcher at the Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences
• He took part in writing textbooks for universities in collaboration with prof. L. F. Krylova and V. S. Muzykantov textbook “Physical Chemistry” (1981); in collaboration with prof. N. M. Emmanuel "Course of chemical kinetics" (1962, 1969); in collaboration with prof. S. D. Myzina "Biological Chemistry" (2000).
• In 1981 he was elected a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences
• In 1968 he was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences

Awards

• Lenin Prize laureate (1990)
• 2 Orders of the Badge of Honor (1967, 1985)
• Order of Lenin (1981)
• Order of Honor (1999).
• Laureate of the Government of the Russian Federation Prize in the field of education (2000).
• Laureate of the USSR Council of Ministers Prize (1987)
• Honored Worker of Higher School of the Russian Federation (2003)
• Winner of the award named after. MM. Shemyakin Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1988)
• Order of the October Revolution (1986)

Personal life

The daughter of D. G. Knorre, Vera Dmitrievna, is a researcher at the Biocatalysis Laboratory at the Institute of Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences.