Technical achievements of the Soviet Union. Achievements of technology in the USSR
1.Tank T-34. This tank is recognized by the entire world community as the best medium tank of the Second World War. And no one can silence this outstanding achievement of the Soviet military-industrial complex.
2. Tank KV. Even the Germans themselves recognized it as the best heavy tank of the first half of the Second World War and which the Germans could not knock out with any of their anti-tank guns. They equalized their chances in heavy tanks only with the release of their heavy tanks of the Tiger and Panther series.
3. Tank IS-2. The best heavy tank of the end of the Second World War, which even the fascist Tigers of all modifications could not compete with. Most foreign experts reluctantly admit this fact.
4. Yak-3 fighter. The best light fighter of the Second World War, according to many foreign experts. In terms of its tactical and technical qualities, it was superior to any fighter aircraft of that time.
5. The Soviet atomic bomb, which we made in 1949, in just four years from practically nothing. We can talk a lot about the fact that we allegedly took the atomic bomb project from the Americans. Speak up if you have nothing else to do. Paper with drawings is one thing, but a finished object in the form of a nuclear charge is completely different.
Now drawings of an atomic charge can be obtained on the Internet. Take it and do it! Who's stopping you?! However, nothing will work. Because for its production it is necessary to create an appropriate scientific, technical and production base. And this base had to be created in a war-ravaged country. And the Soviet people, under the leadership of the Soviet government and their Communist Party, created such a base. But for some reason there is no monument to this unprecedented feat of the Soviet people.
6. The hydrogen bomb, which we made first in the world, ahead of the Americans themselves, who began working on it much earlier and worked on it for almost ten years. And we received it in 1953 on land not long ago ravaged by war. What kind of powerful potential did Soviet civilization have if it turned out to be capable of such an impossible thing?!
7. The world's first nuclear power plant in Obninsk. As an example of the peaceful use of the atom. The Americans made atomic bombs and nuclear submarines, but we took it and, with the help of the atom, launched a power plant for ourselves, ahead of rich, fat America, which had never fought on its territory.
8. The world's first nuclear icebreaker. Another example of the peaceful Soviet approach to the use of nuclear energy on earth.
9. The world's first Earth Satellite. This was a terrible blow to the prestige and psychology of Americans. And they considered this Soviet success an accident.
10. But then came the world’s first launch of living beings of the highest class into space, the dogs Belka and Strelka and their return to earth.
11. And then something happened that Americans still cannot forgive us. The world's first Cosmonaut, a citizen of the Soviet Union, Yuri Gagarin, appeared. It was then that the President of the United States uttered his famous words: the Russians beat us in the competition for Space at the school desk. And it is precisely this, the best education in the world, that today’s Russian radical democrats have been actively destroying for a quarter of a century.
12. And then came our impressive achievements in space exploration: the world's first photographs of the far side of the moon delivered to earth, and the world's first lunar globe with a detailed lunar relief.
13. The first pennant from the earth, taken to the moon and left there forever, as a symbol of the triumph of the Soviet Socialist system on this earth.
14. The world's first moving vehicle, the so-called lunar rover, was delivered to the Moon and moved on the surface for many months and transmitted images to the ground.
15. The world's first orbital space station, orbiting the Earth, with rotating crews of astronauts working on it for several months at a time.
16. The world's first reusable spacecraft called "Buran", launched from an orbital aircraft and returning to earth automatically. An outstanding Soviet space achievement, later thrown into the trash heap by the current “new owners” of Russia.
17. The world's first super-high-rise, the so-called Ostankino TV tower, built according to an unusual and extremely safe domestic project.
18. The best rifle machine in the world, the brilliant Soviet worker who became an Outstanding Soviet designer, Mikhail Kalashnikov. In today's Russia, someone like him would never be able to get a job as anyone other than a loader in the market.
19. The world's most widespread semi-automatic welding of metal structures in a shielded gas environment with a consumable electrode, now called Russian welding or welding in a carbon dioxide environment.
20. Automatic submerged arc welding of metals, with the help of which we welded tank hulls in the “Tankograd” in the Urals during the Second World War.
21. Automatic welding of metal of unlimited thickness, the so-called electroslag welding, which in Soviet times was widely used in the manufacture of large body parts for various purposes weighing up to several thousand tons.
22. One of the most widespread methods for producing high-alloy steels with specified properties, now called electroslag remelting.
23. Development of mass production of multilayer twisted pipes for high-pressure gas pipelines, butt welding of which during installation in the field is now carried out using the method proposed by the author of this article.
24. Mastering the production of brazed instead of welded metal masts of high-voltage transmissions.
25. Mastering the production of the world's largest converters for steel smelting with a capacity of over five hundred tons.
26. Mastering the production of converter steel with blowing the liquid melt with oxygen instead of air.
27. Introduction of a unified energy system in the country, the only one in the world for such large states. America still doesn’t have it, but we have it! More precisely - it was! Mr. Chubais, together with his friend Yeltsin, destroyed it.
28. A single geological map for the entire country, which can still be used to predict the locations of various minerals. No major country in the world still has such a map.
29. The world's first installation for controlled thermonuclear fusion of the TOKAMAK type
30. The world's first mobile installation for launching ballistic missiles based on railway cars, which still has no analogues in the world and which was destroyed in our country at the request of the US STATE DEPARTMENT in the memorable nineties.
31. The world's first nuclear submarine with a double-layer welded hull, capable of operating at depths of over six hundred meters.
31. The world's first nuclear submarine with a welded titanium hull, capable of diving to depths of up to a thousand meters.
34. The world's first aircraft with variable wing geometry, which once made a splash at the air parade in Le Bourget.
35. The world's first vertical lift and landing aircraft.
36. The world's first jet passenger airliner.
37. The world's first supersonic passenger airliner.
38. In general, it must be admitted that more than forty percent of world passenger aviation in the second half of the twentieth century were equipped with Soviet aircraft.
39. The world's first ekranoplan, a kind of flying hybrid of a sea ship and an aircraft, which was tested in the late eighties and which still has no analogues in the world.
40. The world's first giant transport aircraft, capable of carrying over 250 tons of payload by air.
41. The world's first hydrofoil ship.
42. The world's first resistance butt welding of large-sized housings of diesel engines of diesel locomotives and sea vessels.
43. The world's first industrial flash butt welding of main pipeline pipes in field conditions.
44. The world's first and only rotary machine for processing hydraulic turbine casings with a faceplate diameter of fifteen meters.
46. The world's first heavy-duty dump truck with a lifting capacity of 850 tons for coal and iron ore deposits in southern Yakutia.
47.The only country in the world that produces high-power walking excavators with a bucket volume of over 150 cubic meters.
48. The only country in the world that produces high-power floating dredges for extracting gold and rare earth minerals from the bottom of rivers.
Russian media with a democratic orientation are repeating around the clock that the Russian people are backward, second-rate, inferior, incapable of anything serious in science and technology, and Russia’s task now is only to wander in the tail of world civilization and try not to far behind the developed capitalist countries.
And our youth believes them because they do not have the slightest idea about the life of an ordinary person in the Soviet Union, about the technical, scientific and social achievements of Soviet power and Soviet society. They really believe that the Soviet medium tank T-34 is an American tank we converted, we borrowed the Kalashnikov assault rifle from the Germans, and we stole the atomic bomb from the Americans, and our space rockets are copied German developments of their latest models V-3 and V-4, captured by us in one of their missile centers in the Baltic.
I constantly have to communicate with modern Russian youth. And I am amazed at her absolute “ignorance” of the history of her country in the twentieth century. That’s why I once gave them a lecture about the Soviet contribution to world civilization.
The students were in real shock. They did not know that Soviet civilization had such enormous achievements in the technical and social development of the world. Although I told them only what was preserved in my memory from Soviet times, when I worked for over fifteen years as a freelance expert at the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of State Patent Examination or VNIIPGE and examined applications for inventions. And for this I had to be aware of the latest technical developments in the world. I present an excerpt from this lecture for your consideration.
TECHNICAL ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE SOVIET NATION OF WORLD IMPORTANCE
1.Tank T-34. This tank is recognized by the entire world community as the best medium tank of the Second World War. And no one can silence this outstanding achievement of the Soviet military-industrial complex.
2. Tank KV. Even the Germans themselves recognized it as the best heavy tank of the first half of the Second World War and which the Germans could not knock out with any of their anti-tank guns. They equalized their chances in heavy tanks only with the release of their heavy tanks of the Tiger and Panther series.
3. Tank IS-2. The best heavy tank of the end of the Second World War, which even the fascist Tigers of all modifications could not compete with. Reluctantly, this fact is recognized by most foreign experts.
4. Yak-3 fighter. The best light fighter of the Second World War, according to many foreign experts. In terms of its tactical and technical qualities, it was superior to any fighter aircraft of that time.
5. The Soviet atomic bomb, which we made in just two years from practically nothing. We can talk a lot about the fact that we allegedly took the atomic bomb project from the Americans. Speak up if you have nothing else to do. Paper with drawings is one thing, but a finished object in the form of a nuclear charge is completely different.
Now drawings of an atomic charge can be obtained on the Internet. Take it and do it! Who's stopping you?! However, nothing will work. Because for its production it is necessary to create an appropriate scientific, technical and production base. And this base had to be created in a war-ravaged country. And the Soviet people, under the leadership of the Soviet government and their Communist Party, created such a base. But for some reason there is no monument to this unprecedented feat of the Soviet people.
6. The hydrogen bomb, which we made first in the world, ahead of the Americans themselves, who began working on it much earlier and worked on it for almost ten years. And we received it in 1949 on war-ravaged land. What kind of powerful potential did Soviet civilization have if it turned out to be capable of such an impossible thing?!
7. The world's first nuclear power plant in Obninsk. As an example of the peaceful use of the atom. The Americans made atomic bombs and nuclear submarines, but we took it and, with the help of the atom, launched a power plant for ourselves, ahead of rich, fat America, which had never fought on its territory.
8. The world's first nuclear icebreaker. Another example of the peaceful Soviet approach to the use of nuclear energy on earth.
9. The world's first earth satellite. This was a terrible blow to the prestige and psychology of Americans. And they considered this Soviet success an accident.
10. But then came the world’s first launch of living beings of the highest class into space, the dogs Belka and Strelka and their return to earth.
11. And then something happened that Americans still cannot forgive us. The world's first Cosmonaut, a citizen of the Soviet Union, Yuri Gagarin, appeared. It was then that the President of the United States uttered his famous words: the Russians beat us in the competition for Space at the school desk. And it is precisely this, the best education in the world, that today’s Russian radical democrats have been actively destroying for two decades.
12. And then came our impressive achievements in space exploration: the world's first photographs of the far side of the moon delivered to earth, and the world's first lunar globe with a detailed lunar relief.
13. The first pennant from the earth, taken to the moon and left there forever, as a symbol of the triumph of the Soviet Socialist system on this earth.
14. The world's first moving vehicle, the so-called lunar rover, was delivered to the moon and moved for many months on the surface of the moon and transmitted images of the moon to the earth.
15. The world's first orbital space station, orbiting the earth, with rotating crews of astronauts working on it for several months at a time.
16. The world's first reusable spacecraft called "Buran", launched from an orbital aircraft and returning to earth automatically. An outstanding Soviet space achievement, which was later thrown into the trash heap at the direction of the US STATE DEPARTMENT by the new owners of Russia.
17. The world's first super-high-rise, the so-called Ostankino TV tower, built according to an unusual and extremely safe domestic project.
18. The best rifle machine in the world, the brilliant Soviet worker who became an Outstanding Soviet designer, Mikhail Kalashnikov. In today's Russia, someone like him would never be able to get a job as anyone other than a loader in the market.
19. The world's most widespread semi-automatic welding of metal structures in a shielded gas environment with a consumable electrode, now called Russian welding or welding in a carbon dioxide environment.
20. Automatic submerged arc welding of metals, with the help of which we welded tank hulls in the “Tankograd” in the Urals during the Second World War.
21. Automatic welding of metal of unlimited thickness, the so-called electroslag welding, which in Soviet times was widely used in the manufacture of large body parts for various purposes weighing up to several thousand tons.
22. One of the most widespread methods for producing high-alloy steels with specified properties, now called electroslag remelting.
23. Development of mass production of multilayer twisted pipes for high-pressure gas pipelines, butt welding of which during installation in the field is now carried out using the method proposed by the author of this article.
24. Mastering the production of brazed instead of welded metal masts of high-voltage transmissions.
25. Mastering the production of the world's largest converters for steel smelting with a capacity of over five hundred tons.
26. Mastering the production of converter steel with blowing the liquid melt with oxygen instead of air.
27. Introduction of a unified energy system in the country, the only one in the world for such large states. America still doesn’t have it, but we have it! More precisely - it was! Mr. Chubais, together with his friend Yeltsin, destroyed it.
28. A single geological map for the entire country, which can still be used to predict the locations of various minerals. No major country in the world still has such a map.
29. The world's first installation for controlled thermonuclear fusion of the TOKAMAK type
30. The world's first mobile installation for launching ballistic missiles based on railway cars, which still has no analogues in the world and which was destroyed in our country at the request of the US STATE DEPARTMENT in the memorable nineties.
31. The world's first nuclear submarine with a double-layer welded hull, capable of operating at depths of over six hundred meters.
31. The world's first nuclear submarine with a welded titanium hull, capable of diving to depths of up to a thousand meters.
34. The world's first aircraft with variable wing geometry, which once made a splash at the air parade in Le Bourget.
35. The world's first vertical lift and landing aircraft.
36. The world's first jet passenger airliner.
37. The world's first supersonic passenger airliner.
38. In general, it must be admitted that more than forty percent of world passenger aviation in the second half of the twentieth century were equipped with Soviet aircraft.
39. The world's first ekranoplan, a kind of flying hybrid of a sea ship and an aircraft, which was tested in the late eighties and which still has no analogues in the world.
40. The world's first giant transport aircraft, capable of carrying over 250 tons of payload by air.
41. The world's first hydrofoil ship.
42. The world's first resistance butt welding of large-sized housings of diesel engines of diesel locomotives and sea vessels.
43. The world's first industrial flash butt welding of main pipeline pipes in field conditions.
44. The world's first and only rotary machine for processing hydraulic turbine casings with a faceplate diameter of fifteen meters.
46. The world's first heavy-duty dump truck with a lifting capacity of 850 tons for coal and iron ore deposits in southern Yakutia.
47.The only country in the world that produces high-power walking excavators with a bucket volume of over 150 cubic meters.
48. The only country in the world that produces high-power floating dredges for extracting gold and rare earth minerals from the bottom of rivers.
Everything that I mentioned here is just what immediately came to my mind and what can be said immediately, offhand, and what was known to almost every technically literate and technically inquisitive Soviet person. Much has been written about these achievements of ours in the magazines “Technology for Youth”, “Knowledge and Power”, “Science and Life”, “Young Technician” and in a number of other periodicals of the Soviet Union, published in millions of copies. And which we don’t have in our country now. They were replaced by countless glossy magazines with half-naked and completely naked girls.
And I probably missed something and for that I apologize to my readers. But if anyone has additions to this list of mine, I will gladly accept them!
This suggests an elementary conclusion, from which you cannot escape, even if you wanted to. The conclusion is the following: in its development, the Soviet Union was at the forefront of world technological progress and its contribution to the development of human civilization is extremely great. That is, the Soviet state system turned out to be an order of magnitude more effective than the capitalist one. Despite its natural costs and the three terrible wars that swept across our open spaces.
Under the Soviet system, under Soviet power, Russia developed rapidly. Moreover, it developed not at the expense of foreign investments that came to us for free for crazy profits, but at the expense of its internal reserves and the immense resources of the Soviet state system, based on Socialist democracy.
But they cannot produce anything new, since the dismantling of the entire scientific and production base was carried out successfully.
6 chosen
Today, phones and computers are acquiring new amazing features faster than old models can be sold out. Technological progress is advancing in such leaps and bounds that new inventions no longer surprise people. Either it’s the case in the 70-80s of the last century. Technical inventions appeared much less frequently, but their value to the population seemed much more significant. Let's remember the coolest technical gadgets of the late Soviet era.
Color TV
Late 60s Soviet citizens were able to see the world in color. The idea to develop color television broadcasting came to the leadership of the USSR after the war. It is believed that Victory Parade 1945 was shot, among other things, on color film. In 1951-1955 an attempt was made to create experimental color television broadcasting, but regular color television appeared only after 1967. The first program in color came out just in time for the holiday - November 7, 1967. In the same year it was released first Soviet color TV: "Rubin-401". Almost 10 years later, the most popular color TV appeared: "Rubin-714" with a screen diagonal of 61 cm.
It must be said that at first citizens were distrustful of the new product - color TVs were too expensive, and besides, people had doubts about their reliability. In order to accustom people to color pictures, at first they were sold below cost.
Video recorder
The advent of household video recorders, in my opinion, was a revolutionary event. Judge for yourself, before we were slaves to the TV, but thanks to video we began to practically “manage” television broadcasting in a separate apartment ourselves. Thanks to a VCR, you can watch your favorite films and cartoons at any convenient time, rather than catching them in the program guide. To be honest, I was terribly jealous of those lucky ones who had it.
The first household Soviet video recorder "Electronics VM-12" appeared in 1984. But it was almost impossible to buy one - it cost only 5-6 times less than a car, and you also had to stand in line for a long time (sometimes several years). But the happy owners of this miracle of technology could record color and black and white programs from a TV or other video recorders and view them at any convenient time.
Transistor radios
Transistor radios appeared in the USSR back in the distant past. 1957. But in the late 60s“all-wave” radio receivers became widespread, which could broadcast not only long and medium waves, but also short waves. The main value of this invention for Soviet citizens was that it was now possible to listen to anti-Soviet radio stations on short waves - radio "Freedom" And " Voice of America". True, it was difficult to listen and with constant interference - the “enemy voices” were carefully suppressed. But this could not spoil people’s pleasure from listening to overseas crackles.
The most common radio receivers were devices of the brand "Speedola", which were produced at the Riga plant.
Cassette recorder
Cassette recorders replaced reel-to-reel tape recorders. They began to be produced in the USSR in the mid 70s. It was a real miracle of technology - you could carry it with you and arrange a disco in any convenient place. It was possible to record audio from a radio and TV onto it. Even I remember how my brother and I tried to catch songs we liked on the radio and recorded them on a cassette. Or how during the broadcast of “Songs of the Year” I sat under the TV, pressing a microphone to the speaker so that the songs were recorded in good quality.
The most popular cassette recorder in the USSR was called "Spring-202", he started to graduate in 1977. It cost about 200 rubles, but it was very difficult to find.
What inventions of the Soviet Union do you consider the most important?
Russian media with a democratic orientation are repeating around the clock that the Russian people are backward, second-rate, inferior, incapable of anything serious in science and technology, and Russia’s task now is only to wander in the tail of world civilization and try not to far behind the developed capitalist countries.
And our youth believes them because they do not have the slightest idea about the life of an ordinary person in the Soviet Union, about the technical, scientific and social achievements of Soviet power and Soviet society. They really believe that the Soviet medium tank T-34 is an American tank we converted, we borrowed the Kalashnikov assault rifle from the Germans, and we stole the atomic bomb from the Americans, and our space rockets are copied German developments of their latest models V-3 and V-4, captured by us in one of their missile centers in the Baltic.
I constantly have to communicate with modern Russian youth. And I am amazed at her absolute “ignorance” of the history of her country in the twentieth century. That’s why I once gave them a lecture about the Soviet contribution to world civilization.
The students were in real shock. They did not know that Soviet civilization had such enormous achievements in the technical and social development of the world. Although I told them only what was preserved in my memory from Soviet times, when I worked for over fifteen years as a freelance expert at the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of State Patent Examination or VNIIPGE and examined applications for inventions. And for this I had to be aware of the latest technical developments in the world. I present an excerpt from this lecture for your consideration.
TECHNICAL ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE SOVIET NATION OF WORLD IMPORTANCE
1.Tank T-34. This tank is recognized by the entire world community as the best medium tank of the Second World War. And no one can silence this outstanding achievement of the Soviet military-industrial complex.
2. Tank KV. Even the Germans themselves recognized it as the best heavy tank of the first half of the Second World War and which the Germans could not knock out with any of their anti-tank guns. They equalized their chances in heavy tanks only with the release of their heavy tanks of the Tiger and Panther series.
3. Tank IS-2. The best heavy tank of the end of the Second World War, which even the fascist Tigers of all modifications could not compete with. Reluctantly, this fact is recognized by most foreign experts.
4. Yak-3 fighter. The best light fighter of the Second World War, according to many foreign experts. In terms of its tactical and technical qualities, it was superior to any fighter aircraft of that time.
5. The Soviet atomic bomb, which we made in just two years from practically nothing. We can talk a lot about the fact that we allegedly took the atomic bomb project from the Americans. Speak up if you have nothing else to do. Paper with drawings is one thing, but a finished object in the form of a nuclear charge is completely different.
Now drawings of an atomic charge can be obtained on the Internet. Take it and do it! Who's stopping you?! However, nothing will work. Because for its production it is necessary to create an appropriate scientific, technical and production base. And this base had to be created in a war-ravaged country. And the Soviet people, under the leadership of the Soviet government and their Communist Party, created such a base. But for some reason there is no monument to this unprecedented feat of the Soviet people.
6. The hydrogen bomb, which we made first in the world, ahead of the Americans themselves, who began working on it much earlier and worked on it for almost ten years. And we received it in 1949 on war-ravaged land. What kind of powerful potential did Soviet civilization have if it turned out to be capable of such an impossible thing?!
7. The world's first nuclear power plant in Obninsk. As an example of the peaceful use of the atom. The Americans made atomic bombs and nuclear submarines, but we took it and, with the help of the atom, launched a power plant for ourselves, ahead of rich, fat America, which had never fought on its territory.
8. The world's first nuclear icebreaker. Another example of the peaceful Soviet approach to the use of nuclear energy on earth.
9. The world's first earth satellite. This was a terrible blow to the prestige and psychology of Americans. And they considered this Soviet success an accident.
10. But then came the world’s first launch of living beings of the highest class into space, the dogs Belka and Strelka and their return to earth.
11. And then something happened that Americans still cannot forgive us. The world's first Cosmonaut, a citizen of the Soviet Union, Yuri Gagarin, appeared. It was then that the President of the United States uttered his famous words: the Russians beat us in the competition for Space at the school desk. And it is precisely this, the best education in the world, that today’s Russian radical democrats have been actively destroying for two decades.
12. And then came our impressive achievements in space exploration: the world's first photographs of the far side of the moon delivered to earth, and the world's first lunar globe with a detailed lunar relief.
13. The first pennant from the earth, taken to the moon and left there forever, as a symbol of the triumph of the Soviet Socialist system on this earth.
14. The world's first moving vehicle, the so-called lunar rover, was delivered to the moon and moved for many months on the surface of the moon and transmitted images of the moon to the earth.
15. The world's first orbital space station, orbiting the earth, with rotating crews of astronauts working on it for several months at a time.
16. The world's first reusable spacecraft called "Buran", launched from an orbital aircraft and returning to earth automatically. An outstanding Soviet space achievement, which was later thrown into the trash heap at the direction of the US STATE DEPARTMENT by the new owners of Russia.
17. The world's first super-high-rise, the so-called Ostankino TV tower, built according to an unusual and extremely safe domestic project.
18. The best rifle machine in the world, the brilliant Soviet worker who became an Outstanding Soviet designer, Mikhail Kalashnikov. In today's Russia, someone like him would never be able to get a job as anyone other than a loader in the market.
19. The world's most widespread semi-automatic welding of metal structures in a shielded gas environment with a consumable electrode, now called Russian welding or welding in a carbon dioxide environment.
20. Automatic submerged arc welding of metals, with the help of which we welded tank hulls in the “Tankograd” in the Urals during the Second World War.
21. Automatic welding of metal of unlimited thickness, the so-called electroslag welding, which in Soviet times was widely used in the manufacture of large body parts for various purposes weighing up to several thousand tons.
22. One of the most widespread methods for producing high-alloy steels with specified properties, now called electroslag remelting.
23. Development of mass production of multilayer twisted pipes for high-pressure gas pipelines, butt welding of which during installation in the field is now carried out using the method proposed by the author of this article.
24. Mastering the production of brazed instead of welded metal masts of high-voltage transmissions.
25. Mastering the production of the world's largest converters for steel smelting with a capacity of over five hundred tons.
26. Mastering the production of converter steel with blowing the liquid melt with oxygen instead of air.
27. Introduction of a unified energy system in the country, the only one in the world for such large states. America still doesn’t have it, but we have it! More precisely - it was! Mr. Chubais, together with his friend Yeltsin, destroyed it.
28. A single geological map for the entire country, which can still be used to predict the locations of various minerals. No major country in the world still has such a map.
29. The world's first installation for controlled thermonuclear fusion of the TOKAMAK type
30. The world's first mobile installation for launching ballistic missiles based on railway cars, which still has no analogues in the world and which was destroyed in our country at the request of the US STATE DEPARTMENT in the memorable nineties.
31. The world's first nuclear submarine with a double-layer welded hull, capable of operating at depths of over six hundred meters.
31. The world's first nuclear submarine with a welded titanium hull, capable of diving to depths of up to a thousand meters.
34. The world's first aircraft with variable wing geometry, which once made a splash at the air parade in Le Bourget.
35. The world's first vertical lift and landing aircraft.
36. The world's first jet passenger airliner.
37. The world's first supersonic passenger airliner.
38. In general, it must be admitted that more than forty percent of world passenger aviation in the second half of the twentieth century were equipped with Soviet aircraft.
39. The world's first ekranoplan, a kind of flying hybrid of a sea ship and an aircraft, which was tested in the late eighties and which still has no analogues in the world.
40. The world's first giant transport aircraft, capable of carrying over 250 tons of payload by air.
41. The world's first hydrofoil ship.
42. The world's first resistance butt welding of large-sized housings of diesel engines of diesel locomotives and sea vessels.
43. The world's first industrial flash butt welding of main pipeline pipes in field conditions.
44. The world's first and only rotary machine for processing hydraulic turbine casings with a faceplate diameter of fifteen meters.
46. The world's first heavy-duty dump truck with a lifting capacity of 850 tons for coal and iron ore deposits in southern Yakutia.
47.The only country in the world that produces high-power walking excavators with a bucket volume of over 150 cubic meters.
48. The only country in the world that produces high-power floating dredges for extracting gold and rare earth minerals from the bottom of rivers.
Everything that I mentioned here is just what immediately came to my mind and what can be said immediately, offhand, and what was known to almost every technically literate and technically inquisitive Soviet person. Much has been written about these achievements of ours in the magazines “Technology for Youth”, “Knowledge and Power”, “Science and Life”, “Young Technician” and in a number of other periodicals of the Soviet Union, published in millions of copies. And which we don’t have in our country now. They were replaced by countless glossy magazines with half-naked and completely naked girls.
At the beginning of the chapter, along with specific examples and statistical data, it was shown how conditions in imperialist countries are increasingly hindering the development of technology and how, on the contrary, conditions in socialist countries in every possible way contribute to the development of technology. These conditions lead to different rates of industrial and technological progress in capitalist and socialist countries. They, these conditions, inevitably predetermined the implementation of V.I. Lenin’s scientific foresight about the rapid development of productive forces in our country, where in 1917 the most progressive production relations were realized. The task of “catching up” with capitalist countries both in general and in per capita consumption is completely clear, as a task running daily, hourly before our eyes. This is a quantitative problem, in solving which USSR technology must more build, more produce, giving our society the opportunity more consume.
But the development of technology also has quality changes. These qualitative changes, noted in previous chapters in the main areas of technology: energy, mechanical engineering and materials production, arose due to the development of knowledge of nature in both capitalist and socialist countries. Nevertheless, there was a belief in the undoubted and natural primacy of capitalist countries in the matter of technical progress. But, as they say, the young grows, and the old ages. Naturally and naturally, such a relationship between youth, maturity and old age occurs when the young begins to overtake the old not only in the accumulation of knowledge and skills, but also in the emergence of new knowledge and new skills.
In this regard, the present time is characteristic of a situation where the USSR, having reached second place in terms of industrial output, successfully catching up with capitalist countries in per capita consumption, begins to take first place in new technical achievements, in the new quality of developing technology.
From this point of view, all individual manifestations of the technical achievements of the USSR of a qualitative order are of interest in the sense that they are not accidental discoveries of certain gifted scientists and engineers, technicians and inventors, but natural indicators of the maturity of a new society, its access to what rightfully belongs to it. historical development first place.
13 m)">
Rice. 7-28. Giant rotary machine KU-1591 (height 13 m)
Therefore, it is advisable to give a short list of individual technical achievements that are not associated with target and thematic characteristics, manifested in a wide variety of fields of technology, since this diversity suggests that the emergence of these achievements is not accidental.
First of all, we should dwell on some of the achievements of mechanical engineering in the field of technology that determine the possibilities of its progress. One observer in the USA, comparing the pace of development of Soviet and American industry, wrote that more cars are produced in the USA, but for every American car three machines are produced in the USSR. He rightly explained the high Soviet pace by the fact that machines do not build cars, but, on the contrary, machines build cars. Soviet machine tool industry has achieved outstanding success. Giant machines (Fig. 7-28, 7-29, 7-30), high-performance machines (Fig. 7-31), high-precision machines, computer-controlled machines and many others allow you to create unique machines.
One of the first achievements has already been mentioned above - the creation of a turbodrill for drilling deep oil wells. The license for the Soviet turbo drill was acquired by the United States.
Over the course of two years (1956 and 1957), the achievements of Soviet technology increased noticeably.
According to the designs and under the leadership of Soviet scientists, a synchrophasotron- a powerful installation for producing high-energy particles up to 10 billion electron volts. The diameter of the ring magnet of the synchrophasotron (Fig. 7-32), for which a special building was built, reaches almost 60 m. Weight of ring electromagnet 36,000 t. To power this giant, electrical energy with a power of 140,000 kW. Not every state can construct such a facility. It is possible only if there is a high technical culture and a large machine-building industry. The Soviet synchrophasotron became one of the scientific facilities built in Dubna, Moscow region. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, created on the basis of the Agreement of eleven socialist states adopted at the International Meeting in Moscow in March 1956.
A series of advances in aviation followed. In this area, the leadership in the construction and operation of large multi-engine passenger aircraft belonged to the USA and England. However, the era of not only large, but also high-speed aircraft was coming. Naturally, they began to be built in these countries. The English jumbo jet "Comet" was plagued by misfortune after misfortune. "Comet I", "Comet II" died, there were many problems with "Comet III", only "Comet IV" in the spring of 1960 entered the London - Moscow line, where TU-104 has been running since 1956. French "Caravel" Only since 1958 was it put into regular passenger service. The United States, which built many jet bombers, only demobilized the high-speed Boeing 707 jet bomber in 1958, converting it into a passenger airliner under the same name.
Therefore, the appearance in 1956 of the TU-104 as a proven production aircraft was the USSR’s decisive entry into the forefront in the field of aviation technology. And this is no coincidence. Even in the pre-war years, we tested aircraft that, in addition to the main piston engines, had additional air-breathing engines. The TU-104 (Fig. 7-33) was followed by the TU-104 A and TU-104 B jets, which are the fastest long-range passenger aircraft.
The development of powerful aircraft gas turbines in the USSR led to the production of a number of passenger turboprop aircraft: AN-10, IL-18 and the largest passenger turboprop aircraft TU-104. In 1964, Aeroflot was replenished with the giant jet airliner IL-62. In November 1959, Soviet aviation won new world records: the 201-M aircraft lifted a load of 55 tons to a height 13 km, aircraft 103-M with commercial cargo in 27 t reached speed over 1000 km/h. The great advantage of the new aircraft, which are a world-class achievement, is that with the ability to lift 150-220 passengers at a time and with the high efficiency of turboprop units, these aircraft reduce the cost of travel in them to the level of the cost of travel by rail, thereby becoming widely accessible, mass and high-speed mode of transport. For our country with its vast territory, this transport is extremely valuable and convenient.
The first nuclear icebreaker "Lenin", which was mentioned in the previous chapter, was launched from the slipways of the Soviet shipyard and safely sailed for five years.
In the USSR, for the first time, a power plant was built that runs on gas from underground gasification of coal. Underground gasification, first put forward by D.I. Mendeleev, then by the English scientist Ramsay and noted by V.I. Lenin as a huge achievement, was implemented in the USSR. In our country, the Shat gas turbine power plant was put into operation, the fuel of which burns deep underground in natural layers and produces flammable gas that powers the turbines of the Shat power plant.
Rice. 7-34. Nuclear icebreaker "Lenin"
The great river waterways of our country received valuable gifts from Soviet technology. The Sormovo shipyard in Gorky produced the most powerful river diesel-electric ship "Lenin", the power of which 2700 l. With. The rivers of foreign countries do not know such powerful, fast and comfortable vessels.
On the Volga, a special vessel “Raketa” (Fig. 7-35) received its first birth, moving on hydrofoils, reminiscent of airplane ones, but smaller in size due to the difference in the density of air and water. When moving quickly, this high-speed vessel no longer “floats”, but under the influence of the lifting force acting on the wing, the hull of the vessel rises, and the resistance is significantly reduced - the vessel flies.
Rice. 7-35. Hydrofoil "Raketa"
Following the "Rocket", the Sormovichi people, under the leadership of Lenin Prize laureate R. E. Alekseev, released more powerful and capacious ships on "wings", some of which are capable of sea crossings.
In his latest designs of hydrofoil ships, R. E. Alekseev made the following improvements: he replaced piston internal combustion engines (diesels) with a gas turbine and a propeller with a water-jet propulsion unit. His new ship is the fastest river boat in the world. It flies over the river at a speed 110 km/h despite the shoals and riffles.
Great altitude and speed achievements were demonstrated by the flight of new Soviet high-speed aircraft propelled by jet engines in the stratosphere at speeds several times the speed of sound. In October 1959, a record flight speed was achieved on the E-66 jet aircraft - over 2500 km/h.
The achievements of the new gas turbine twin-engine single-rotor Soviet giant helicopter MI-6 were also published and recorded as an official world record (Fig. 7-36). This wonderful machine lifted the load in 12,000 kg to the height 2400 m, doubling the American record for cars of this class. The two-propeller "flying carriage" Yak (Fig. 7-37) also holds a world record.
The successes of Soviet technology in the exploration of interplanetary space were especially outstanding.
Rice. 7-37. Helicopter "flying carriage"
The TASS report on the launch of an intercontinental ballistic missile was met with disbelief abroad, since, despite great efforts and even greater advertising in this area, attempts to launch such a missile in the United States were not successful.
Irrefutable proof of our success in this area was the launch of the world's first artificial Earth satellite. Sputnik-1, which flew in its orbit for three months, weighed 83.6 kg, sending radio signals and visible to the naked eye, decisively refuted the myth about the lag of Soviet science and technology.
When Sputnik 2 was launched a month later, weighing 508.3 kg, with complex equipment, the experimental dog Laika, the advantage of the Soviet Union in such a complex field of technology was completely irrefutable. In May 1959, the third Soviet satellite weighed 1327 kg celebrated its anniversary - 5000 revolutions around the Earth.
As the English newspaper "Daily Worker" wrote, the launch of Soviet Earth satellites was the result of three reasons, shown figuratively in the figure in the form of three stages of a powerful rocket: a planned economy, a production base, and an education system.
The subsequent failure to launch the much-publicized American Avangard satellite, weighing only 1.5 kg, which exploded at the start, was symbolic for our time. Figuratively, the three stages of this rocket could be called: anarchy of production, the influence of monopolies, an outdated education system.
In January 1958, the USA launched the Explorer satellite into orbit, and in March the Avangard satellite, but both of these satellites were significantly inferior in weight, volume, and size to Soviet satellites.
At the beginning of 1959, the USSR amazed the whole world with a new scientific and technical achievement - the launch of the first space rocket, which passed along the intended route and became a satellite of the Sun, carrying a pennant with the coat of arms of the Soviet Union. The second space rocket delivered a pennant with the coat of arms of the Soviet Union to the Moon, and the third flew around the Moon, photographing a part of the Moon invisible from Earth. A photograph of the Moon was transmitted to Earth by radio.
1960-1963 brought new victories to Soviet rocket technology. Flight of the world's first cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin on the Vostok-1 spacecraft on April 12, 1961, which described a complete revolution around the Earth; flight of the second cosmonaut Herman Titova August 6-7 of the same year on the Vostok-2 ship. They were followed in 1962 by Andriyan's first group flight in the history of astronautics Nikolaev and Pavel Popovich on the Vostok-3 and Vostok-4 spacecraft and the flight in June 1963 of the world's first female cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova and Valeria Bykovsky on the ships "Vostok-6" and "Vostok-5". The flights of Soviet cosmonauts were not only ahead of the first flights of American cosmonauts - Glen, Carpenter, Sheppard, but they were also qualitatively different from them in terms of the weight of the spacecraft and the accuracy of landing (the American ones “landed” in an approximately defined zone of descent). In 1964, the Voskhod spacecraft went into orbit with a team of three people: commander-pilot Komarov, scientist Feoktistov and doctor Egorov, who, in ordinary work suits, not in spacesuits, carried out a lot of research work and exactly in a given place, not leaving the ship, they landed calmly.
According to the chief US rocketry specialist, the German Wernher von Braun, the USA lags behind the USSR in the field of rocketry by at least five years. There are no signs of a reduction in this distance over time, and if the Americans cannot surpass the USSR in terms of the performance of their artificial satellites and spacecraft, then they widely use rocket technology to systematically launch so-called spy satellites.
The achievements of rocketry in space exploration are far from accidental and are explained not only by the advantages provided by the Soviet system of planned development of science and technology, but also by a deep study of the theory of space flight. The remarkable theoretical research of Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky, begun back in the 80s of the last century, when he first pointed out the rocket as the only means of space exploration, continued by his followers in science under Soviet conditions, could not but lead to the triumph of Soviet cosmonautics.
It can be stated on the basis of the first enormous achievements of socialist society that the middle of the 20th century, characterized by the developing industrial revolution, is also characterized by the transition of key, advanced positions in science and technology from decrepit capitalism to grown and strengthened socialism.