Designing lessons based on the “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov” (Program by G.I. Belenky). Folklore traditions in the “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov” M. Yu. Lermon
Page 1
WORK OF M. YU. LERMONTOV
Option 1
“You are our sovereign, Ivan Vasilyevich!
Do not reproach an unworthy slave:
You can’t pour wine over a roast heart,
The Black Duma must not be spoiled!
And I angered you - the will of the king;
Order execution, beheading,
She weighs down the heroic shoulders,
And she herself is leaning toward the damp earth.”
And Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich said to him:
“What are you, young man, fussing about?
Is your brocade caftan worn out?
Is the sable hat wrinkled?
Has your treasury been spent?
Or has the tempered saber become jagged?
Or was the horse lame, poorly shod?
Or knocked you down in a fist fight,
On the Moscow River, merchant’s son?”
Q 1. What is the genre of the work from which the excerpt is given?
AT 2. Who is Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich’s interlocutor in the above passage?
AT 3. What caused Ivan Vasilyevich’s anger?
AT 4. What element of the composition is the feast scene?
AT 5. What is “well done” talking about?
AT 6. What artistic expression techniques typical for folk songs do the author use in the above passage?
AT 7. Find a constant epithet in the given passage.
AT 8. Give an example of inversion in the last sentence.
AT 9. What syntactic device of artistic expression does the memorized tempered saber use? or Is the horse lame, poorly shod? / Or knocked you off your feet in a fist fight, /On the Moscow River, merchant’s son”?
AT 10 O'CLOCK. What syntactic device of artistic expression does the author use: “Isn’t your brocade caftan worn out?/ Isn’t your sable hat wrinkled?”/ Isn’t your treasury spent?”
C1. How do the main characters appear to us in this passage? Justify your answer.
WORK OF M. YU. LERMONTOV
“SONG ABOUT TSAR IVAN VASILIEVICH, YOUNG
OPRICHNIK AND THE DARLING MERCHANT KALASHNIKOV"
Option 2
Read the text fragment below and complete the tasks:
“Where are you, wife, have you been wandering around?
In what courtyard, on the square,
That your hair is disheveled
Why are your clothes all torn~?
You've already been walking, you've been feasting
Tea, with my sons everything is with the boyars! ..
Not for that in front of holy icons
You and I, wife, got engaged,
They exchanged gold rings! ..
How can I lock you behind an iron castle?
Behind the oak door bound "
So that you don't see the light of God
I did not discredit my honest name..."
And hearing that, Alena Dmitrevna
All trembled, my darling,
Shaking like an aspen leaf,
She cried bitterly,
She fell at her husband's feet.
“My lord, my red sun,
Either kill me or listen to me!
Your speeches are like a sharp knife;
They are heartbreaking.
I'm not afraid of fierce death,
I'm not afraid of people's rumors,
And I’m afraid of your disfavor.”
IN 1. Who narrates all the events that take place in this work?
AT 2. Between which characters does the above dialogue take place?
AT 3. What character is V.G. about? Belinsky wrote: “His first appearance on stage puts us in his favor: for some reason you feel that he is one of those resilient and heavy characters who are quiet and meek only until circumstances split them apart”?
AT 4. What lines convey the narrator’s attitude towards Alena Dmitrievna?
AT 5. What lines in Alena Dmitrievna’s words speak about her respect and love for her husband?
AT 6. Who was Alena Dmitrievna’s offender?
AT 7. What is the name of the artistic device characteristic of folklore used in “Song...” (“red sun”, “light of God”, etc.)?
AT 8. What syntactic techniques of artistic expression does the author use in the lines: “ Because your hair is disheveled, / your clothes are all torn”?
AT 9. What feature of folk poetic speech is reflected in “Song...” in the words “darling”, “sun”, “father”?
AT 10 O'CLOCK. Find an example of inversion in the last sentence.
C 1. How were the relationships between husband and wife of that time reflected in “Song...”? Justify your answer.
C2. Is Alena Dmitrievna close to the popular ideal of a woman? Justify your answer.
WORK OF M. YU. LERMONTOV
“SONG ABOUT TSAR IVAN VASILIEVICH, YOUNG
OPRICHNIK AND THE DARLING MERCHANT KALASHNIKOV"
Option 3
Read the text fragment below and complete the tasks:
And Kiribeevich said to him:
“Tell me, good fellow,
You are some kind of tribe,
What name do you go by?
To know for whom to serve a memorial service,
To have something to brag about."
Stepan Paramonovich answers:
“And my name is Stepan Kalashnikov,
And I was born from an honest father,
And I lived according to the law of the Lord:
I did not disgrace someone else's wife,
I did not rob in the dark night,
Didn't hide from the heavenly light...
And you spoke the true truth:
They will sing a funeral service for one of us,
And no later than tomorrow at noon;
And one of us will boast
Feasting with distant friends...
Don't joke, don't make people laugh
I, son of Basurman, came to you, -
I went out for a terrible battle, for the last battle!”
And having heard that, Kiribeevich
His face turned pale, like autumn snow;
His fearful eyes became clouded,
Frost ran between the strong shoulders,
The word froze on open lips...
IN 1. What characterizes Kiribeevich’s behavior before the appearance of Kalashnikov?
AT 2. For what purpose does Kiribeevich enter the fight?
AT 3. Why does Kalashnikov go into battle?
AT 4. Which lines in Kalashnikov’s words directly accuse Kiribeevich of dishonest behavior?
AT 5. What does Kiribeevich understand when he sees and recognizes Kalashnikov?
AT 6. How did the fist fight end?
AT 7. Find the comparison in the passage given.
AT 8. What method of artistic expression, traditional for folk poetic speech, does the author use in the lines: “Don’t joke, don’t make people laugh/ I came out to you, son of a Basurman, / I went out to a terrible battle, to the last battle!”?
AT 9. What is special about the epithets “dark night”, “good fellow”?
AT 10 O'CLOCK. Indicate the method of artistic expression in the line: “Frost ran between the strong shoulders.”
C1. What caused Kiribeevich’s confusion when he learned his opponent’s name? Justify your answer.
C2. What details of the fight emphasize that for Kalashnikov, God's will is more important than the royal will? Justify your answer.
WORK OF M. YU. LERMONTOV
“SONG ABOUT TSAR IVAN VASILIEVICH, YOUNG
OPRICHNIK AND THE DARLING MERCHANT KALASHNIKOV"
Option 3
Read the text fragment below and complete the tasks:
I will tell you, Orthodox Tsar:
I killed him with my own free will,
But for what, about what, I won’t tell you,
I will only tell God alone.
Order me to be executed - and to be carried to the chopping block
It's my fault;
Don't leave only the little children,
Don't leave the young widow
Yes, my two brothers by your grace..."
“Good for you, baby,
A daring fighter, a merchant's son,
That you kept the answer out of conscience.
Your young wife and your orphans
from my treasury I will give
I command your brothers from this very day
throughout the wide Russian kingdom
Trade freely, duty free.
And you go yourself, child,
To a high place on the forehead,
Put down your wild little head.
I order the ax to be sharpened and sharpened,
I'll order the executioner to dress up,
When I tell you to ring the big bell,
So that all the people of Moscow know,
That you too have not been abandoned by my mercy...”
IN 1. How is Kalashnikov's behavior shown in his conversation with the Tsar?
AT 2. Which Line in Kalashnikov’s words emphasizes his spiritual equality with the Tsar?
AT 3. What plot element is Kalashnikov's conversation with the Tsar?
AT 4. Which character V.G. Belinsky characterized this way: “...The look of his eyes is lightning, the sound of his speeches is heavenly thunder, the outburst of his anger is death and torture...”?
AT 5. What quality of Tsar Ivan the Terrible is emphasized by his words:
“I’ll order the ax to be sharpened and sharpened, / I’ll order the executioner to be dressed, / I’ll order the big bell to be rung, / So that all the people of Moscow will know, / That you, too, have not been abandoned by my mercy...”?
Why doesn’t Kalashnikov tell the Tsar about the real reason?
AT 6. Why doesn’t Kalashnikov tell the Tsar about the true reason for the murder of Kiribeevich?
AT 7. Indicate the method of artistic expression in the phrases “boisterous little head”, “daring fighter”.
AT 8. Indicate the method of artistic expression, traditional in folk poetic speech: “I killed him with my free will.”
AT 9. Find the phraseological unit in the lines: “And you go yourself, little one, / to the high place of the forehead, / Lay down your wild little head.”
B 10. Find the inversion in the lines: “And you yourself, little child, / go to the high place of the forehead, / Lay down your wild little head.”
C1. Why does the tsar, recognizing Kalashnikov’s courage and even the rightness (“A daring fighter, a merchant’s son, / ... you answered in good conscience”), decides to execute him? Justify your answer.
C2. Is Kalashnikov remembered after his death? Why? Justify your answer.
Page 1
The full title of the poem names its main characters in a certain sequence and indirectly indicates the time of action. A song about them was composed and sung by guslars - folk singers. It was through their eyes that we saw the events of centuries past.
Lermontov most likely took the historical basis for the “Song about the Merchant Kalashnikov” from N. Karamzin’s “History of the Russian State.” Perhaps he also knew folk songs about Ivan the Terrible.
“The song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov,” which we will analyze, takes the reader to the 16th century, the time of the reign of Ivan the Terrible, who was often cruel and merciless to his people. To suppress possible disobedience, Ivan the Terrible created a special army - the oprichnina.
“Song...” is tied to a specific time. Royal and merchant life, pictures of life in Moscow - all these are signs of the era. But they are shown without details, sometimes indirectly. For example, Kiribeevich, wanting to attract the attention of Alena Dmitrevna, proudly informs her that he is not a “forest murderer,” but from the “glorious Malyutin family.” And she “was scared... more than before,” because who didn’t know the name of the main guardsman of Ivan the Terrible, Malyuta Skuratov, known for his cruelty?
But it is not the era and not the actions of Ivan the Terrible as a statesman that are in the center of the poet’s attention. He is interested in the characters of the era. Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, oprichnik Kiribeevich, merchant Kalashnikov - they are all different, and they are all branches of the same tree that grew on the soil of Russian history of the 16th century.
The image of Kiribeevich in "Song about the merchant Kalashnikov"
At the center of the poem is the conflict between the merchant Kalashnikov and the guardsman Kiribeevich. The conflict is tragic. None of the heroes are able to overcome it. Why did the conflict happen? The answer lies in the characters of the era. First, the author introduces Kiribeevich. His name is most likely of Tatar origin (Kiribey) and indicates that he is a stranger in the country where he serves. Kalashnikov will call Kiribeevich a “son of Basurman”, alien to the Orthodox faith.
Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich calls Kiribeevich “our faithful servant.” And he himself considers himself such: “Don’t reproach an unworthy slave,” he asks the king. Kiribeevich is a “slave,” but with an enviable position, about which the tsar did not fail to remind him: “Isn’t your brocade caftan worn out? / Isn’t the sable hat wrinkled?” And Ivan Vasilyevich concludes with open irony: “Or was it knocked down in a fist fight... by the merchant’s son?” In the tsar’s questions, which do not require an answer, the confrontation existing in society is clearly visible: the guardsmen are the merchant’s sons.
The Guslyars show Kiribeevich in the “Song about the Merchant Kalashnikov” as a real fine fellow, which is why they paint him with the same colors as the fairy-tale heroic heroes. He is “a daring fighter, a violent fellow.” He has “black eyes” and “strong hands.” And Kiribeevich’s “light horses”, “worn Cherkassy saddle”, “brocade outfits” - all these are traditional signs of a good fellow. But one very important detail is missing from them - the beauty “does not look at him,” “does not admire him.” The king is ready to help his faithful servant and offers a “ring... yakhontovy”, “pearl necklace” to present the “beauty”. These gifts also speak of Kiribeevich’s special position under the tsar.
But is Kiribeevich honest before the Tsar? We find the answer in the song of the guslars. They look at everything from the outside and therefore see more and further. They know that, although he is a “slave,” he is “evil,” that is, cunning and treacherous. And then the song directly says that he deceived the king:
I didn't tell you the true truth,
I didn't tell you that the beauty
Married in the Church of God,
Married to a young merchant
According to our Christian law.
“Remarried” means that the marriage of Alena Dmitrevna and Kalashnikov is sanctified by God. The clarification “according to our Christian law” indicates that the woman’s faith is the same as that of all the people.
Why didn’t Kiribeevich tell the Tsar such an important fact? Perhaps because he did not consider it important for himself, or perhaps he understood that the sovereign would not like breaking the law. But be that as it may, Kiribeevich in “Song about the Merchant Kalashnikov” showed contempt for Christian norms. And the song presents Ivan Vasilyevich as their guardian, although in reality Ivan IV the Terrible was not one. But the people were alien to self-will; they condemned it and wanted to see the tsar as a defender of order.
Kiribeevich in “The Song about the Merchant Kalashnikov” is bold in his love claims. He dishonors the “faithful wife” and his punishment is fair in the eyes of the people.
But why is his death described with such pity in the song? We hear the intonation of sadness in the mournful enumeration of his feelings and movements: “groaned,” “swayed,” “fell,” “fell on the cold snow, on the cold snow.”
Inversion, repetition, hidden antithesis (“cold snow” - hot blood) and comparison - “like a pine tree” - strengthen this feeling. The song regrets Kiribeevich, because the “daring” fellow died in the “heroic” battle. But he could have avoided the fight when he realized what kind of fight it would be. But he did not evade, because his own honor turned out to be more valuable than the royal favor.
The image of Kalashnikov in “The Song about the Merchant Kalashnikov”
Kalashnikov punished Kiribeevich. The merchant is a simple man, which is emphasized by his last name, which comes from the word “kalach” - a common type of Russian bread. Kalashnikov’s occupation is also common, he is a respected merchant - his name is Stepan Paramonovich. Kalashnikov’s life is organized and sanctified by God. But in an instant everything collapsed for him - a man (stranger!) was found who broke the order created over centuries - “disgraced our honest family.”
Since Kalashnikov is the head of the family, he has to defend its honor: “I will fight to the death... for the holy mother truth,” he decides. Let us note that his truth is “holy,” which means it is from God and no one, not even the guardsman of the most formidable king, has the right to violate it.
Before the battle, Kalashnikov said what his truth was. It is expressed in the form of opposition: “I” and “You”. Moreover, “I” is stated directly. "You" is implied.
« I was born from an honest father.”- And you?
« I lived according to the law of the Lord" - And you?
« I didn't disgrace someone else's wife" - And you?
Merchant Kalashnikov is a husband, father, defender of his home, but he is also a Christian, “a wide copper cross hung on his chest.”
The song portrays Kalashnikov as a worthy avenger defender. He is a “good fellow”, “a young merchant, a daring fighter”, “his falcon eyes”, “mighty shoulders”. Constant epithets directly indicate Kalashnikov’s relationship with fabulous heroes. Let us remember that the guardsman Kiribeevich also resembled them in his strength and prowess. But physical strength does not always decide everything. In battle, as in life, Kalashnikov struck back. So the song again, albeit indirectly, names the culprit of the tragedy. Kalashnikov fulfilled his mission - he defended both the honor of his name and the law that determines the life of all true Christians.
But he also broke the law when he turned a fist fight, arranged for fun, into an arena of revenge. He intended his fight to be his “last.” For this he was punished - also by death. This happened because the “Lord’s law” does not provide for any exceptions either for its detractors or for its adherents.
The image of Ivan Vasilyevich in “The Song about the Merchant Kalashnikov”
Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich is on guard. By what right? By right of the guardian of Orthodox laws: “As the Orthodox Tsar said.” That is, it is emphasized that he is not only a king - a statesman, but also one who serves God. He is his vicegerent on earth. That’s why he is “Ivan Vasilyevich” and not “Ivan the Terrible”. And the king recognizes the supremacy of God over himself. He accepts Kalashnikov’s words: “I will only tell God alone” why he killed Kiribeevich. By treating Kalashnikov fairly, which did not correspond to the customs of the real Ivan the Terrible, the tsar indirectly, through showing favors to the Kalashnikov family, recognizes his rightness.
How are people? Did they remember Kalashnikov? Remember. That is why the “Song...” ends not with the execution of the hero, but with bows to his “grave”: “if an old man passes, he will cross himself,” “a young man will pass, and he will become dignified.”
Main features of “Song about Merchant Kalashnikov”
Why did Mikhail Yuryevich call the poem “Song...”? The title indicates the form in which the story of Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the guardsman Kiribeevich and the merchant Kalashnikov reached the audience. And yet, if these events have become a song and it is sung and spread around the world, this means that it has already entered the memory of the people and has become their spiritual heritage.
Basic features of “Songs about the merchant Kalashnikov” the following:
- genre: poem;
- history as one of the sources of the “Song...”;
- closeness to the genre of folk historical song;
- confrontation: oprichnina - merchants;
- intrigue in the plot;
- the presence of a hero - a historical person:
- the presence of fictional characters;
- presentation on behalf of the guslars, expressing the people's view;
- affirmation of the eternal moral values of the people;
- creating a strong national character;
- theme of honor;
- tragic ending.
The first poem that Lermontov decided to publish was “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov.” The poem is a stylization of Russian folklore in a large epic form. In terms of genre and artistic originality, it turned out to be one of a kind and was not continued either in the work of its author or other poets. “Song...” had no similarities with Lermontov’s previous works. True, in the poem “Boyar Orsha” the author touches on a family theme, but the peculiarity of “Song...” is that this theme is presented here completely differently, although we are also talking about the dishonor of the family. . _
The theme of dishonor was very characteristic of Lermontov’s work of this period, but it must be said that he distinguished between insult and dishonor. The offended nobleman received satisfaction from the duel, regardless of its outcome, it was a duel of equals. “Dishonor as a solution to the situation included murder, suicide or madness, that is, in any case, dishonor is irreversible, and the dishonored cannot continue to remain in a society of honor.” This is what Lermontov himself wrote.
In the poem “The Death of a Poet,” it is no coincidence that Lermontov actively emphasizes the thirst for revenge of the “slave of honor.” Researcher of the poet’s work B.M. Eikhenbaum suggested that “Song...” may have been written during an imaginary illness that forced the poet to sit at home after the death of A.S. Pushkin. In this case, those who believe that the impetus for the creation of the poem could have been precisely the death of Pushkin, who defended his honor and the honor of his family, are right.
He disgraced me, he disgraced me
Me, honest, immaculate... -
Alena Dmitrievna speaks to her husband about Kiribeevich. Although she begins her story by falling at the feet of her husband, Stepan Paramonovich, she asks not for forgiveness, because she has nothing to blame, but for intercession.
Don't give me your faithful wife
Evil blasphemers are desecrated!
Thus, taking revenge on the oprichnik Kiribeevich, the merchant Kalashnikov first of all fulfills the request of Alena Dmitrievna and acts as a defender of the family and clan. Alena Dmitrievna, turning to her husband, remembers her relatives, dead and living, proving that she has no one else to ask for help, like her own family. Here Lermontov accurately reflects the medieval consciousness of Russian people, although a similar situation did not lose its relevance in his time. After all, Pushkin also defended the honor of his family, and not just his personal one.
Another genre feature of the poem is the author’s intention to reduce the romantic aura of the images of the main characters. Lermontov gives them realistic features; the Christian ideals of the Russian people are directly reflected in the psychology of the main characters of the poem. Thus, the “evil servant” Kiribeevich deceived the king by not telling him that “... the beauty was married in the church of God according to our Christian law.” By doing this, he violates an immutable law, maddened by love. First, the oprichnik asks the tsar to let him go “...to the Volga steppes to lay down his wild little head there,” but he unwittingly becomes a victim of his own deception. The Tsar bestows jewelry on him, with the help of which Kiribeevich tries to seduce Alena Dmitrievna. Ivan the Terrible himself pushes his favorite to commit a dishonorable act.
I'll dress you up like a queen,
Everyone will envy you
Just don't let me die a sinful death,
Love me, hug me
At least once goodbye...
This is how Kiribeevich begs his love. His claims are not limitless - he, like Mtsyri, is ready to be content with a few moments of happiness. The guardsman is still a Christian, he is afraid to die a sinful death, that is, to commit suicide. But at the same time, he is a typical Lermontov hero, because he acts, regardless of the fact that everything is happening in front of the “evil neighbors”.
And he caressed me, kissed me;
My cheeks are still burning
They spread like living flames
His cursed kisses -
Alena Dmitrievna says with disgust. The willful hero suffers retribution, carried out not only by Kalashnikov and the “power of providence,” but by the power of conscience of Kiribeevich himself. He cannot help but accept a mortal fight. But at the same time, he reveals himself to be a real “son of Basurman”. When he hit merchant Kalashnikov, he bent the cross with holy relics from Kyiv hanging on Stepan Paramonovich’s chest. The blow turned out to be so strong that Kalashnikov mustered all his strength to survive.
At the same time, he does not behave like a romantic hero, he does not fight with fate or resist it, but simply defends the honor of the family. His cause is just, but from the point of view of the existing law, he commits lynching and is ready to accept execution for it. Stepan Paramonovich accepts the fate of a criminal, which could never happen in a romantic poem, where the hero would prefer death to such a fate and become a martyr, about whom songs will later be written.
The genre originality of the poem also lies in the fact that “in addition to the realistic conflicts “Kiribeevich - the Kalashnikov family”, “Kalashnikov - Ivan the Terrible”, there is also a romantic conflict in the poem. This is a conflict between a worthy person and the crowd, which in this case took the form of historical social psychology. Stepan Paramonovich cannot tell the tsar that he killed “reluctantly,” not only because of his honesty and directness. The fact that he killed “freely” should be known to everyone. This is what will wash away the stain of shame from the family. Kalashnikov’s moral independence, the fact that he is a person and not a “crafty slave,” is the reason for his tragic death in the poem. Personal dignity in him is inextricably linked with national moral principles. Therefore, despite the “shameful execution” and the fact that he was not buried according to Christian rites (not in a cemetery), the merchant left a good memory of himself among the people. Passing by his unmarked grave,
...old man - crosses himself
The good fellow will pass - he will become poised,
If a girl passes by, she will become sad,
And the guslar players will pass by and sing a song.
The poem ends with a major, truly song chord.
Thus, the idea of the poem, unlike the classical canons, is not limited to the opposition of “heroless” modernity and the heroic past, the century of extraordinary people. In the poem, not all the characters deserve sympathy and approval. Thus, the merchant Kalashnikov, faithful to the people's moral principles, turns out to be morally superior to the tsar himself.
Lermontovsky the Terrible, not at all out of ignorance, pushes Kiri-beevich to violence and executes Kalashnikov. His character is marked by monstrous cynicism. The tsar begins his answer to the dignified words of Stepan Paramonovich, “I killed him with my free will, But I won’t tell you why, I’ll tell you only to God alone...” with a dark joke: “It’s good for you, little one, that you answered according to your conscience.” ”, - and lists all future benefits to his relatives, leaving the death sentence for last, and, as if he had let it slip, he calls Kalashnikov’s children orphans.
Your young wife and your orphans
I will give it from my treasury.
Promising the merchant a solemn execution, the king actually arranges a “mockery of the condemned.” He utters openly mocking words:
"
I order the ax to be sharpened and sharpened,
I'll order the executioner to dress up,
I'll order you to ring the big bell,
So that all the people of Moscow know,
That you too are not abandoned by my mercy.
“Song...” clearly highlights the process of Lermontov’s artistic evolution. From the lyrical intensity of the style, centered around the author’s “I”, from direct and open lyrical formulas, from the genre of confession, the author moves on to the creation of psychological images and plots. The main character seems to have a presentiment of tragic events when nothing foreshadows trouble yet. So on that same ill-fated day, a young merchant sits at the counter, laying out goods,"
With gentle speech he lures guests,
Gold and silver are counted.
Yes, it was a bad day for him:
Rich people walk past the bar,
No one looks into his shop.
In the poem, between hot events, an amazing image of Ancient Rus' and its capital Moscow appears:
Above the great, golden-domed Moscow,
Above the Kremlin white stone wall
Because of the distant forests, because of the blue mountains,
Playfully on the plank roofs,
The gray clouds are dispersing,
The scarlet dawn rises;
She scattered her golden curls,
Washed with crumbly snow,
Like a beauty looking in the mirror,
He looks into the clear sky and smiles.
The wealth of historical details and signs of the times distinguishes Lermontov's poem. This is not only a description of clothing, utensils, weapons, but also the behavior of the main characters, say, before a battle. Individual characteristics are added to the general, historically determined features. So, Kiribeevich, going out to fight, “... silently bows to the king at the waist,” then he “walks around in the open air, laughing at the bad fighters.” Kalashnikov, going out against the oprichnik, “Bowed first to the terrible Tsar, After the white Kremlin and the holy churches, And then to the entire Russian people.”
In the poem we encounter such artistic techniques as the use of traditional epithets (“sweet wine, overseas”, “falcon eyes”), comparisons, syntactic repetitions, parallelisms, inversions, direct negation (“The red sun does not shine in the sky, the clouds do not admire it blue: Then the formidable Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich sits at a meal in a golden crown.” All these techniques masterfully reproduce the Russian folk poetic style. In the spirit of Russian literature, even the syntactic construction with the extra conjunction “and”:
There's going to be a fist fight tomorrow
On the Moscow River under the Tsar himself,
And then I will go out to the guardsman.
The stylized “song” of the poem, the emotional intensity of its content, and the dynamics of the plot hide some historical errors and certain semantic inconsistencies. So, for example, Kiribeevich describes to the Tsar the beauty of Alena Dmitrievna and praises her “brown, golden braids,” which he could not see, since married women hid their hair under a scarf.
Another feature of “Song...” attracts attention - its polyphony. The song is sung by several guslar players, but in one place the voice of the only author breaks through, who says about Alena Dmitrievna: “Everyone trembled, my dear...”
It seems to me that it is worth mentioning the triple repetition of the cry before the battle as a relative inconsistency. “They called out a loud cry three times - Not a single fighter was touched.” This does not mean that Stepan Paramonovich slept through, like Onegin before the duel. Delaying the action in the poem increases the tension of the atmosphere; moreover, the folklore principle of trinity is observed. This principle is also visible in the composition of the work: “Song...” has three chapters, three choruses.
The finale of the “Song...” is, according to tradition, “glory” to the boyar, the noblewoman and the entire Christian people.
“The song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov” is a unique work by Lermontov and all Russian literature. It is rightfully considered a masterpiece of Russian national classics.
Sections: Literature
Lesson 1
- Name the main characters in the poem and justify your opinion.
- Describe the appearance of Moscow in each of the three parts of the poem and name (give examples) the means of artistic expression used by the author to depict it.
- Explain the relationship between the color scheme of the poem and the author’s position.
- Indicate the origin of the conflict and the position of the king in it.
- Explain Moscow's choice in a conflict situation.
- Explain the character of Moscow and its role in the poem.
- It is expressive to read the dialogue between Kiribeevich and Ivan the Terrible, Alena Dmitrievna’s monologue, the landscape sketch at the beginning of the third part, Kalashnikov’s farewell speech.
During the classes
1. Conversation.
2. Part I. “Tsarist” Moscow.
Expressive reading of a passage highlighting the details of Kiribeevich’s portrait with intonation? What is the artistic feature of his portrait? What artistic technique does M. Yu. Lermontov use?
- An expressive reading of the dialogue between Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich and Kiribeevich.
- What is heard and seen in the king’s speech, constructed in the form of a string of interrogative sentences? What intonation of the oprichnik’s response does she assume?
- What does the young guardsman's answer sound like? What does he add to the characterization of the king's favorite?
- Whose side is the king on?
- Remember the first two lines of the first part. For what purpose does M. Yu. Lermontov use this folklore turn of phrase?
- What face of Moscow did the poet depict in the first part?
3.Part II. Labor, merchant, “human” Moscow and dark, robber Moscow.
Clouds are flying into the sky,
The blizzard drives them singing;
The wide living room was deserted.
Pay attention to the epithet “foggy”, what sign do we see in it? What do we hear in the second line? What does the blizzard symbolize?
- Expressive reading of Alena Dmitrievna's monologue.
- How is the cityscape depicted in her monologue? How does he help us feel the impending disaster for the Kalashnikov family?
- How does the author convey the young woman’s condition? Notice how Kiribeevich behaves?
- What is Alena Dmitrievna so acutely worried about? What worries her most?
- What is the face of Moscow in the second part?
4. Part III. Moscow is holy, Orthodox, guardian of faith, honor, and duty.
- Why doesn’t the finale say a word about Kiribeevich’s grave?
- What face of Moscow does the poet paint in the third part?
5. Conclusion.
6. Homework.
1. Written task: fill out the table by rereading the text of the poem.
2. Individual tasks. Prepare for the discussion “Was Stepan Kalashnikov executed fairly?” Give an answer from different positions:
1st student - from the position of Stepan Kalashnikov;
2nd student - from the position of Ivan the Terrible;
3rd student - from the position of the law;
4th student – from the position of fate;
5th student - from the position of the guslars.
(Each student receives a card with questions.)
3. Individual tasks. Reading in the faces of the dialogue between Tsar Ivan the Terrible and merchant Kalashnikov.
Lesson 2
Merchant Kalashnikov and guardsman Kiribeevich, merchant Kalashnikov and Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich: the meaning of the collision.
- Name the main events in the poem and explain your opinion.
- Accurately characterize Kalashnikov, Kiribeevich, Ivan the Terrible.
- Compare Kalashnikov and Kiribeevich, Kalashnikov and Ivan the Terrible and explain which of them is a strong personality.
- Compare Kiribeevich and the guardsmen, about whom N.M. Karamzin wrote. Find similarities and differences.
- Name the hero who won and justify your opinion.
- Explain why the conflict between Kalashnikov and Kiribeevich could not be resolved peacefully.
- Explain why Kalashnikov did not file a petition, did not try to prove his case through the sovereign’s court and did not reveal the whole truth to the tsar.
- Determine the author's position and explain it.
- Justify your attitude towards the characters.
- Explain why the will of one person cannot be called a court.
- Read the dialogue between Ivan the Terrible and the merchant Kalashnikov in their faces.
- Justify V. M. Vasnetsov’s choice of an illustrated episode.
During the classes
I. Conversation.
II. Analysis of the fight scene. How are the characters of Kalashnikov and Kiribeevich revealed in the battle scene?
Additional questions for the table:
- How does this characterize the heroes?
- Why, when preparing for battle, does Kiribeevich bow only to the Tsar, and Kalashnikov to the Tsar, “After the white Kremlin and the holy churches, and then to the entire Russian people?”
- Is it only the honor of the family that protects Kalashnikov?
- What is especially attractive about Kalashnikov?
- How does this characterize the hero?
- On whose side does the author sympathize? Why does he justify Kalashnikov, although he violated the rules of fist fighting - he hit him in the temple?
- What feeling is imbued with the lines about the death of Kiribeevich? How can you explain this feeling?
V. G. Belinsky said about him that this is “... one of those iron natures that will not tolerate insults and will fight back.” What was the critic's basis for that definition?
- Why do the guslars, knowing that there is a “crafty slave” in front of them, everyone talk about him as a “daring fighter”, “a wild fellow”?
- Is Kiribeevich similar to the oprichniki about whom N.M. Karamzin wrote? If similar, then in what way? How is it different?
- How are the characters of Kalashnikov and Kiribeevich revealed in the battle scene?
- What and why did the fist fight turn into?
- Appeal to the drawing by V. M. Vasnetsov.
Why did the artist illustrate this particular moment? How are Kalashnikov and Kiribeevich depicted? How does this drawing make you feel?
III. Analysis of the court scene.
Before making a final conclusion, we will answer the question from different positions:
1. Stepan Kalashnikov
Why is the hero the first to say about his execution: “Order me to be executed - and put my guilty head on the block”?
2. Ivan the Terrible
Is the execution of the merchant a violation of the king’s words spoken before the battle: “Whoever beats whom, the king will reward him”? Would Ivan the Terrible have pardoned the merchant Kalashnikov if he had tried to cheat and said that he killed his enemy by accident? Are the king's words a mockery?
I order the ax to be sharpened and sharpened,
I'll order the executioner to dress up,
I'll order you to ring the big bell,
So that all the people of Moscow know,
Why are you not abandoned by my mercy?
Why is the king ready to “bless” the merchant’s family? Does the fact that Kiribeevich was a favorite guardsman play a role in the tsar’s decision?
Remember what the laws were like during the reign of Ivan IV. What should the merchant and the king have done according to the law?
Why were fist fights held? According to the law of that time, how should the Orthodox tsar have behaved upon learning that the merchant had deliberately killed his enemy during a “funny fight”?
Comment on the words of V. G. Belinsky: “And in the entire history of mankind one can hardly find another character who could with greater right represent the face of fate, like Ivan the Terrible.”
5. Guslars
Find the words of the guslars that express popular opinion. How do you understand the words: “talentless little head”? Has the memory of Kalashnikov been preserved among the people?
6. Your opinion.
IV. Generalization.
- Why did Kalashnikov defeat Kiribeevich in the duel?
What does the image of each of them convey?
Why couldn't their conflict be resolved peacefully?
- Why didn’t Kalashnikov file a petition and try to prove his case through the sovereign’s court?
Why didn’t Kalashnikov reveal the whole truth to the Tsar?
Can the will of one person, even a king, be called a court?
- Who won and why in the poem?
Homework.
1. Answer the questions:
- What features of the epic hero does M.Yu. Lermontov endow with Kalashnikova?
- How is the popular Orthodox view of people and events reflected in the poem? Find the corresponding lines.
2. Written assignment. Describe the scene “Performance of the “Song...” by guslars” according to plan:
- The setting in which the guslar performs the song.
- Who are their listeners? What does the poem say about them?
- Why was the narrative given to the guslars?
3. Find examples of historical details in the poem.
4. Individual tasks.
Establish the similarities between the poem and works of oral folk art. Give examples.
1st student - Construction (chorus, beginning, three parts, chorus, magnification).
2nd student - Vocabulary (outdated forms of words, colloquial expressions, double names, traditional addresses).
3rd student - Tropes (constant epithets, comparisons, negative comparisons, hyperboles, personification).
4th student - Poetic syntax (picks, anaphors, typical beginnings of lines, repetitions, inversion).
5th student – System of allegorical images.
Lesson 3
“Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov” and oral folk art. Genre of the work.
- Determine the genre of the work and justify your opinion.
- Find similarities between “Songs...” and works of oral folk art and give examples.
- Explain what role elements of folklore play in “Song...”.
- Explain why M. Yu. Lermontov called his work “Song...” and how this clarifies the author’s position.
- Explain why M. Yu. Lermontov completes his work this way.
- Name the highest moral values that are affirmed by the poet in “Song...”.
- Answer the question who is the real hero in “Song...” and why.
- Recreate the scene “Performance of the “Song...” by guslars.”
During the classes
I. Conversation.
II. Conversation about the genre “Songs...”
Here they both part silently,
The heroic battle begins.
Why equal?
- Why is the poem historical?
Give examples of historical details.
- And finally, about folklore tradition.
III. “Song...” and folk poetry.
Work in groups.
What are the similarities between “Song...” and works of oral folk art? Examples.
- Genre: historical song.
- Construction:
- chorus - introduction introduces the situation, creates mood, rhythm;
- beginning - the beginning of the work (“The red sun does not shine in the sky...”)
- three parts;
- chorus ( “Ay, guys, sing, just build the harps!”);
- dignification: Glory to that boyar!
And glory to the beautiful boyar!
And glory to all the Christian people!
3. Vocabulary:
- obsolete forms of words (“playfully”, “accelerating”, “curly beard on a broad chest”)
- colloquial expressions (“let’s kiss”, “word of a faithful servant”)
- double names (“clan-tribe”, “the bell hums and howls”)
- traditional appeals (“You are my lord, red sun”).
- constant epithets: Holy Rus', free life, wild little head;
- comparisons:
Walks smoothly - like a swan,
Looks sweet - like a darling,
Says a word - the nightingale sings.
The red sun does not shine in the sky,
The blue clouds do not admire him:
Then he sits at a meal wearing a golden crown,
The formidable Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich is sitting.
So the king hit the ground with his stick,
And half a quarter of the oak floor
He pierced with an iron tip...
The scarlet dawn rises;
She scattered her golden curls,
Washed with powdery snow...
5. Poetic syntax:
- grabs
He fell onto the cold snow,
On the cold snow, like a pine tree,
Like a pine tree in a damp forest
Chopped under the resinous root
I did not disgrace someone else's wife,
I did not rob in the dark night,
Didn’t hide from the heavenly light...
And a mound of damp earth was poured here,
And they put a maple cross here,
And the wild winds roar and walk...
- Rhythmic structure: three-beat tonic verse.
- System of allegorical images (similarities, allegories):
- Images of guslars – singers-storytellers.
- Traits of an epic hero (epic hero) in Kalashnikov.
- Popular Orthodox view of man and events:
Wind - clouds; gray eagle - older brother;
little eaglets are younger brothers.
What is destined to be will come true.
IV. Conclusion.
What role do elements of folklore play in “Song…”?V. Homework.
Work in groups.
Creation of a film script for the episode “Feast at Ivan the Terrible”.
Historians are the setting for the action.
Costume designers - the appearance of the characters.
Directors - film shots given in close-up and long-range shots.
Music editors – musical accompaniment.
Sound engineers - noise.
Lighting designers - the play of light and shadow.
Editors – captions on screen.
M.Yu. Lermontov "Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov"
From 19th century literature
The lesson will feature a work that first appeared in print without the author's signature. Belinsky immediately noted the emergence of a new talent in Russian poetry: “We don’t know the author of this song, but we are not afraid to fall into the category of false predictors who say that our literature is acquiring a strong and original talent.” We will talk about “The Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov” and its author M. Yu. Lermontov.
Subject: From 19th century literature
Lesson:“Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov”
Rice. 1. M.Yu. Lermontov. Self-Portrait()
On January 28, 1838, a rumor spread throughout St. Petersburg that Pushkin (Fig. 2) had a shoot with Dantes. Pushkin received a mortal wound. And at the same time, an unsigned poem with the title “Death of a Poet” spread throughout the capital.
Rice. 2. A. S. Pushkin ()
The poet is dead! - slave of honor, -
Fell, slandered by rumor,
With lead in my chest and a thirst for revenge,
Hanging his proud head!..
The poet's soul could not bear it
The shame of petty grievances,
He rebelled against the opinions of the world
Alone, as before... and killed!
Killed!.. Why sobs now,
Empty praise unnecessary chorus
And the pathetic babble of excuses?
Fate has reached its conclusion!
Weren't you the one who persecuted me so viciously at first?
His free, bold gift
And for fun they inflated
A slightly hidden fire?
Well? Have fun... he's tormenting
I couldn't stand the last ones:
The wondrous genius has faded away like a torch,
The ceremonial wreath has faded.
His killer in cold blood
Strike... there is no escape:
An empty heart beats evenly,
The pistol did not waver in his hand.
And what a miracle?.. From afar,
Like hundreds of fugitives,
To catch happiness and ranks
Thrown to us by the will of fate.
Laughing, he boldly despised
The land has a foreign language and customs;
He could not spare our glory,
I couldn’t understand at this bloody moment,
What did he raise his hand to!..
And he is killed - and taken by the grave,
Like that singer, unknown but sweet,
The prey of deaf jealousy,
Sung by him with such wonderful power,
Struck down, like him, by a merciless hand.
Why from peaceful bliss and simple-minded friendship
He entered this envious and stuffy world
For a free heart and fiery passions?
Why did he give his hand to insignificant slanderers,
Why did he believe false words and caresses,
He, who has comprehended people from a young age?..
Mikhail Yurjevich Lermontov(1814-1841) (Fig. 1) - poet, successor of A. S. Pushkin. A poet with the same tragic fate, persecuted by arrogant descendants standing at the throne of the all-powerful monarch, not daring to disobey him, carrying out any of his orders.
Lermontov lived a very short life, but left behind many magnificent poems, poems, and dramatic works. And he created an entire era of our literature.
Rice. 3. Misha Lermontov ()
Little Michel's childhood (Fig. 3) was overshadowed by the death of his mother, then by a quarrel between his father and his grandmother and, at the behest of his grandmother, the separation of his son from his father. Already in childhood, the child’s remarkable abilities were evident. Mikhail Yuryevich had an excellent command of several foreign languages, drew, and wrote poetry.
From the age of 14 he studied at the Noble boarding school at Moscow University. In order to receive a completed education, M. Yu. Lermontov entered the School of Guards Ensigns, and during these years he wrote a lot. The poem "Death of a Poet" appears, followed by a reference to the Caucasus. He returns from exile as a fully formed poet with his own style and his place in literature.
In the years 1838-1840, works appeared that made up the Golden Treasury of our Russian literature. And here again is a link to the Caucasus because of a duel with the French envoy, and this link turns out to be the last. In 1841, the poet died in a duel in the Caucasus.
The idea of the omnipotence and injustice of the tsar is expressed by Lermontov in the work “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov.”
Reading the work, we find ourselves in the distant 15th century, in those times when Tsar Ivan IV reigned, nicknamed the Terrible for his cruelty and severity. Turning to the distant past of Rus', Lermontov finds in his rule traits of worthy behavior, but at the same time the bitter consequences of autocracy.
The characters' personalities are revealed through their actions and dialogues.
Reading and AnalysisІ parts
Rice. 4. Guslar-storytellers ()
The story is narrated by the guslars (Fig. 4), who seem to be going to amuse the boyar and the noblewoman.
“Oh, you goy, Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich!
We composed our song about you,
About your favorite guardsman
Yes, about a brave merchant, about Kalashnikov;
We put it together in the old fashion,
We sang it to the sound of the guslar
And they chanted and gave orders.
The Orthodox people enjoyed it,
And boyar Matvey Romodanovsky
He brought us a glass of foamy honey,
And his noblewoman is white-faced
She brought it to us on a silver platter
The towel is new, sewn with silk.
They treated us for three days. Three nights
And they didn’t listen enough.
The red sun does not shine in the sky,
The blue clouds do not admire him:
Then he sits at a meal wearing a golden crown,
The formidable Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich is sitting.
Behind him stand the guards,
Against him are all the boyars and princes,
And the king feasts to the glory of God,
For your pleasure and fun.
Smiling, the king then commanded
Sweet overseas wines
Strain into your gilded ladle
And present it to the guardsmen.
And everyone drank and praised the king.
Only one of them, from the guardsmen,
A daring fighter, a violent fellow,
I didn’t wet my mustache in a golden ladle;
He lowered his dark eyes into the ground,
He lowered his head onto his broad chest -
And there was a strong thought in his chest"
Perhaps we are asking ourselves: what is the reason for the guardsman’s sadness?
Only one doesn’t look, doesn’t admire,
Covers with a striped veil....
In Holy Rus', our mother,
You can’t find, you can’t find such a beauty:
Walks smoothly - like a swan,
Looks sweet - like a darling,
Says a word - the nightingale sings,
Her rosy cheeks are burning
Like the dawn in God's sky;
Brown, golden braids,
Braided in bright ribbons,
They run along the shoulders, wriggle,
They kiss white breasts.
She was born into a merchant family, -
Her nickname is Alena Dmitrevna.”
The oprichnik is overcome with passion.
“You can’t pour wine over a roast heart,
The Black Duma must not be spoiled!”
What does the king offer him?
“And Ivan Vasilyevich said laughing:
“Well, my faithful servant! I'm your misfortune
I will try to help your grief.
Here, take the ring, you are my yacht
Yes, take the pearl necklace.
First, bow to the clever matchmaker
And the precious gifts went
You to your Alena Dmitrevna:
If you fall in love, celebrate your wedding,
If you don’t fall in love, don’t be angry.”
The guslars do not deny the guardsman courage, bravery, courage. He is ready to die in a foreign land, to lay down his head in mortal combat with his enemies. But sometimes the hero seems overly boastful.
“— That enchanted hand was not born
Neither in a boyar family, nor in a merchant family;
My steppe Argamak walks merrily;
A sharp saber burns like glass;
And on a holiday, by your grace
We will dress up as well as anyone else.
How do I sit down and ride on a dashing horse?
Take a ride across the Moscow River,
I’ll pull myself up with a silk sash,
I’ll bend my velvet cap over the barrel,
Trimmed with black sable"
Did he tell the whole truth to the king?
“Your crafty servant deceived you,
I didn't tell you the true truth,
I didn't tell you that the beauty
Married in the Church of God.”
He hid the truth for fear of being judged. Even the tsar himself is powerless against family foundations, against norms. There are some limits to his power.
“Here the king frowned his black eyebrows
And he focused his keen eyes on him,
Like a hawk looked from the heights of heaven
To a young blue-winged dove, -
Yes, the young fighter did not look up.
“The king hit the ground with his stick,
And half a quarter of the oak floor
He struck with an iron tip -
The young fighter didn’t flinch either.
“The king said a terrible word,”
And then the good fellow woke up.
“Hey, our faithful servant, Kiribeevich,
Are you harboring an unholy thought?
Are you jealous of our glory?
Are you bored with honest service?
When the moon rises, the stars rejoice,
That it is brighter for them to walk in the sky;
And who hides in a cloud,
She falls headlong to the ground...
It’s indecent for you, Kiribeevich,
To abhor the royal joy; —
And you’re from the Skuratov family,
And you were raised by your family, Malyutina!”
This passage reveals the idea of the king’s anger at the guardsman Kiribeevich. The king says that only his faithful servants should have fun with the king. And at the same time he threatens that the shooting star is an unfaithful servant. The king's mood is given in development. Kiribeevich's dissatisfaction is gradually growing.
Reading and AnalysisІІ parts
What does misfortune portend for the family of the merchant Kalashnikov?
Yes, it was a bad day for him:
Rich people walk past the bar,
No one looks into his shop.
What did we hear from Alena Dmitrievna’s lips? If in the first part we felt sympathy for the guardsman, then after the wife’s story we look at the guardsman Kiribeevich with completely different eyes, as the culprit of dishonor. Kiribeevich's feelings are selfish and unreasonable.
Rice. 5. Illustration ()
What decision does Kalashnikov make? (Fig. 5)
“And then I’ll blow it out on the guardsman,
I will fight to the death, to the last strength;
And if he beats me, you go out
For the holy mother truth.
Don’t be alarmed, dear brothers!”
He protects the family.
“He disgraced our honest family
The evil guardsman Tsar Kiribeevich.”
The brothers understand the responsibility Kalashnikov takes on. He is ready to lay down his head, and they are ready to support him in this, even to sacrifice their own lives.
So, under the cover of severity and gloominess, we see in Kalashnikov traits of kindness and humanity. But the hour will come and, without hesitation, without stopping for a minute, he will give his life and fulfill his duty.
Reading and AnalysisІІІ parts
Preparations are underway for the battle between Kalashnikov and Kiribeevich.
“We cordoned off a place 25 fathoms,
For hunting combat, single"
Here a duel between honor and dishonor, truth and untruth, human dignity and arbitrariness is played out.
Kiribeevich, coming out, bows to the king. He does not hide the fact that he only wants to amuse him. And Kalashnikov bows to the Tsar, the Kremlin and the entire Russian land, the entire Russian people.
Here are the lines describing Kiribeevich’s internal state:
“My face turned pale like autumn snow;
His fearful eyes became clouded,
Frost ran between the strong shoulders,
The word froze on open lips..."
He is amazed, he is confused.
What did the rules of fist fighting prohibit? They forbade killing the enemy, killing a person. So, the tsar was right when he executed Kalashnikov? The merchant had no choice but to kill the enemy and turn this spectacle into a court of honor. He did not hide that he would not joke, that he was going to take revenge. He does not just take revenge, but opposes arbitrariness. Kalashnikov was then executed without trial. What did the king promise him?
Rice. 6. Illustration ()
“Good for you, baby,
A daring fighter, a merchant's son,
That you kept the answer out of conscience.
Your young wife and your orphans
From my treasury I will please
I command your brothers from this very day
Throughout the wide Russian kingdom
Trade freely, duty free,
And you go yourself, child,
To a high place on the forehead,
Put down your wild little head.
I order the ax to be sharpened and sharpened,
I'll order the executioner to dress up,
I'll order you to ring the big bell,
So that all the people of Moscow know,
That you too have not been abandoned by my mercy...”
And who do the people support? Who does he like?
“They buried him beyond the Moscow River
In an open field between three roads,
Between Tula, Ryazan, Vladimir
And a mound of damp earth was poured here,
And they put a maple cross here.
And the violent winds roar
Above his unmarked grave;
And good people pass by,
An old man will pass by and cross himself,
If a good fellow passes by, he will become poised,
If a girl passes by, she will become sad,
And the guslar players will pass by and sing a song"
Epic features
- Epic appeal (“Oh, you goy you”).
- The use of historicisms - princes, boyars, oprichnik.
- A large number of epithets characteristic of folklore - scarlet dawn, blue clouds, golden crown.
- Epic symbolism - scarlet dawn (in folklore it foreshadowed trouble).
- Metaphors, inversions and personifications.
Conclusion:
“The song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov” is composed as an edification to people endowed with power and might, the right to decide the fate of other people.
Irakli Andronikov, researcher of M.Yu. Lermontov wrote:
“Although Lermontov turned to the era of Ivan the Terrible, the work sounded deeply modern. Pushkin had just died in a duel with the Tsar’s “oprichnik,” who went out to fight to defend his wife’s honor and his noble name. The poem makes you think about questions about the fate and morals of the human person.”
Bibliography
- Korovina V.Ya. Didactic materials on literature. 7th grade. — 2008.
- Tishchenko O.A. Homework on literature for grade 7 (for the textbook by V.Ya. Korovina). — 2012.
- Kuteinikova N.E. Literature lessons in 7th grade. — 2009.
- Korovina V.Ya. Textbook on literature. 7th grade. Part 1. - 2012.
- Korovina V.Ya. Textbook on literature. 7th grade. Part 2. - 2009.
- Ladygin M.B., Zaitseva O.N. Textbook-reader on literature. 7th grade. — 2012.
- Kurdyumova T.F. Textbook-reader on literature. 7th grade. Part 1. - 2011.
- Phonochrestomathy on literature for the 7th grade for Korovina’s textbook.
- FEB: Dictionary of literary terms ().
- Dictionaries. Literary terms and concepts ().
- Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language ().
- M.Yu. Lermontov. Biography. Creation ().
- Reading of “Songs about the Merchant Kalashnikov” by actor Zolotukhin ().
Homework
- Remember what an epic is. Find features of the epic style in Lermontov’s work.
- Select quotes that characterize Ivan the Terrible, merchant Kalashnikov, oprichnik.
- How can one explain the decision of Ivan the Terrible? Does he sympathize with Kalashnikov?
- Why do you think this work was banned by censorship?