Presentation on "Organs of Flowering Plants". Organs of flowering plants Organs of flowering plants shoot presentation

General structure of plants

Plants whose body is formed by different organs are called higher plants or leafy .

Seed Definition

Seed - This is the organ of reproduction and dispersal of plants.

seed poppy

seed Seychelles palm

Seed External structure

Outside, the seed has a dense covering - peel .

• from damage;
• from drying out;
• from the penetration of pathogenic organisms.

dicotyledon seed

(beans)

monocot seed

(wheat)

Seed Internal structure

Seed Seed germination

In monocots underground seed germination, and in dicotyledons - above ground .

Monocots – mainly herbs, less often trees, shrubs and vines (lily, tulip, aloe, lily of the valley, onion, garlic, wheat, corn, rye, oats, millet)

Dicotyledons - cabbage, radishes, radishes, apple trees, raspberries, bird cherry, strawberries, beans, peas, potatoes, peppers, tomatoes, sunflowers.

Root Definition

Root - a specialized organ of a plant.

Root functions:

• Soil (mineral) nutrition;
• Fixing the plant in the soil.

Root Types of roots. Root systems

main root develops from the embryonic root.

Adventitious roots develop on the stem part of the shoot. Can grow on leaves.

Lateral roots occur on roots of all types.

Fibrous root systems characteristic of all monocotyledons and some dicotyledons.

Root External and internal structure

Root zones:

1) division zone - active cell division;

2) growth zone – growth (stretching) of cells;

3) suction zone – absorption of water;

4) Area of ​​conduct – transport of substances.

The escape Escape structure

The escape consists of an axial part, or stem, and its side parts, called leaves .

Functions: formation of organic substances during photosynthesis.

The escape Vegetative and generative buds

Bud - This is a rudimentary shoot.

Leaf arrangement

The next thing is cornflower, peony, rose, flax, peas.

Opposite – carnation, lilac, elderberry, maple.

Whorled - elodea, oleander, raven's eye.

Sheet External structure

The leaf is part of the shoot.

The flat shape of the leaf provides the greatest contact of the plant surface with air and sunlight.

There are plants that lack petiole and stipules.

Sheet Internal structure

Functions:

1) Photosynthesis

2) Gas exchange

3) Evaporation

4) Removal of unnecessary substances – leaf fall .

Stem

Stem - this is the axial part of the shoot, consisting of nodes and internodes.

Functions:

• Conductive
• Support
• Storage

Flower Structure

Flower is a generative organ. Its constituent elements ensure sexual reproduction.

Functions: formation of fruits and seeds

Receptacle- the upper end of the peduncle on which the flower is located.

whisk And cup form a perianth.

Perianth– protects the pistil and stamens from unfavorable conditions, and attracts pollinators with its brightness.

Main parts of a flower

The fruit develops from the ovary of the pistil, and the seeds form from the ovules.

Inflorescences

Simple – flowers are located one at a time on the main axis of the shoot.

Complex – branched small inflorescences are located on the main axis of the shoot.

Slide 1

Structure of flowering plants

Slide 2

Organs of a flowering plant
The root strengthens the plant in the soil, absorbs water and mineral salts from the soil. The stem rises above the ground, bringing the leaves of the plant towards the light. It carries water and mineral salts into the leaves and flowers. A leaf is a special organ of a flowering plant. Thanks to chlorophyll, which is included in the cells of the leaf, it is able to form organic substances from inorganic substances. At the same time, the plant is provided with the necessary nutrition, and oxygen is released into the atmosphere. A flower is the organ of seed reproduction of flowering (angiosperm) plants. A flower is a modified, shortened and growth-limited spore-bearing shoot, adapted for the formation of spores, gametes and the sexual process, culminating in the formation of a fruit with seeds. The flower, being a unique formation in its nature and functions, is amazingly diverse in structural details, color and size. The smallest flowers of plants of the duckweed family have a diameter of only about 1 mm, while the largest flower of Arnold's rafflesia (Rafflesia arnoldii R.Br.) of the Rafflesiaceae family, which lives in tropical forests on the island of Sumatra (Indonesia), reaches a diameter of 91 cm and has a mass of about 11 kg. A fruit is a reproductive organ of angiosperms, formed from a single flower and serving to form, protect and distribute the seeds contained in it. Many fruits are valuable food products, raw materials for obtaining medicinal and dyeing substances, etc. The seed of a plant is an organ of seed plants that performs the functions of their reproduction, dispersal and survival of unfavorable conditions.

Slide 3

Organs of a flowering plant

Slide 4

Escape (lat. córmus) is one of the main vegetative organs of higher plants, consisting of a stem with leaves and buds located on it. Shoots arose as an adaptation to a terrestrial lifestyle. The emergence of shoots (that is, leaf formation) is the largest aromorphosis in the history of the plant world on Earth. Thanks to the flat shape of the leaves, the photosynthetic surface has increased dramatically

Slide 5

Complete task No. 119 in the workbook on page 77

Slide 6

Modifications of shoots
The shoot is the most variable plant organ in appearance. This is due not only to the general multifunctionality of vegetative organs that arose in the process of evolution, but also to changes that occur during the ontogeny of plants, due to adaptation to a variety of environmental conditions, and in cultivated plants - under the influence of humans. The main type of shoot of a green plant is an aboveground (aerial) shoot, bearing green leaves on its axis. Underground modified shoots include: rhizome, underground stolon and tuber, bulb, corm. An unusual lifestyle and/or adaptations to the special conditions of existence of plants lead to various modifications of shoots. In this case, shoots can serve not only for storing nutrients, reproduction and propagation of plants, but also perform other functions. There are frequent cases when not the entire shoot is modified, but only its leaves, and some of their metamorphoses are externally and functionally similar to the metamorphoses of the shoot (spines, tendrils).

Slide 7

Slide 8

Complete task No. 120 in the workbook on page 78

Slide 9

Slide 10

Now let's do laboratory work No. 6 (p. 160 textbook)
“Recognizing the organs of a flowering plant” Complete the laboratory work in your workbook on page 76.

Slide 11

Homework:
Paragraph No. 38. Complete laboratory work No. 7 (page 160) yourself at home and write it down in your workbook on page 76. Prepare a report about any medicinal plant growing in the Novgorod region

Slide 12

Crossword "Structure of flowering plants"
horizontally: 4. Multicellular formation from which the seed develops. 6. Inner layer of bark. 7. Nutrient tissue developing in plant seeds. 10. Green pigment. 12. The main part of the flower involved in the formation of the fruit. 13. Stem with leaves and buds located on it. 14. Cells of conductive tissue of wood. 10. Green pigment. 15. A vegetative organ of higher plants, serving to secure itself in the substrate and absorb water and substances dissolved in it. 16. Layer of educational tissue cells. vertically: 1. The organ of plant reproduction and dispersal, developing from the ovule 2. Part of the plant shoot on which a leaf, bud and sometimes adventitious roots are formed. 3. Part of the pestle. 4. The first leaves of plants developing in the seed. 5. A set of tissues located outward from the cambium. 8. Central part of the stem. 9. Cover tissue consisting of dead cells. 11. Leaves of the corolla of the flower.

In multicellular algae, the body is not divided into organs and has the appearance of threads, plates or bushes. In higher plants, in connection with their habitat in the air-terrestrial environment, vegetative and generative organs consisting of tissues arose.

Organs that provide the basic life processes of a plant organism: - nutrition, - growth, - respiration, - excretion, are called vegetative. The main vegetative organs of plants are shoots and roots. All shoots of one plant form a shoot system. All roots of one plant form a root system.

In addition to vegetative ones, plants have generative organs, or reproductive organs. These include: flower fruit seed

A shoot is a stem with leaves and buds located on it. The presence of leaves is the main difference between a shoot and a root. Buds can be apical or lateral. The apical ones are located at the top of the shoot, the lateral ones are located on its sides above each leaf. The angle between the leaf and the part of the stem located above is called the leaf axil, and the lateral buds located in the leaf axils are called axillary.

The section of the stem on which the leaf and axillary bud are located is called a node. They are usually thicker than the internode - the section of the stem between two nodes. Thus, the shoot consists of repeating sections: internodes, nodes with leaves and buds.

A bud is a rudimentary shoot. On the outside, it is covered with dense leathery scales, under which there are a rudimentary stem and small rudimentary leaves. In the axils of these leaves there are very small rudimentary buds, barely visible through a magnifying glass.

The bud scales protect the shoot enclosed under them from drying out and penetration of pathogenic organisms, and in wintering buds - from freezing. Some trees have scales impregnated with resin, for example poplar and birch. This enhances the protection of the embryonic shoot.

At the top of the kidney there is delicate educational tissue. Its cells constantly divide and ensure the formation of all the rudimentary organs of the future shoot. Buds can be vegetative and generative (floral). A stem with leaves and buds is formed from a vegetative bud. In the generative bud, the rudiment of an inflorescence or a single flower is formed from the educational tissue. From such a bud a flowering shoot grows.

G.Ya.Sultangirova

biology teacher

Organ- a part of the body that has a certain structure and performs certain functions.

Kinds:

• Vegetative organs
• Generative organs

• Root;
• Stem;
• Sheet;
• The escape;
• Flower.

Root -

This is the axial organ of the plant. It has apical growth and has positive geotropism, that is, it grows towards the center of the Earth.

• Fixing the plant in the soil;
• Absorption, conduction of water and minerals;
• Supply of nutrients;
• Interaction with the roots of other plants (symbiosis), fungi, microorganisms living in the soil (mycorrhiza, legume nodules).
• Vegetative propagation
• Synthesis of biologically active substances
• In many plants, the roots perform special functions (aerial roots, sucker roots).

Stem-

vegetative organ

plants with a radial structure, apical growth in length.

• the place of formation of leaves and flowers, and in their axils - axillary buds;
• assimilation of organic substances;
• transport of water, minerals and organic substances from roots to leaves and back;
• vegetative propagation.

Leaf -

vegetative organ of a plant

developing on a stem, having

bilateral symmetry,

increasing base by

intercalary growth (monocots) or

entire surface (dicots).

BASIC FUNCTIONS OF SHEET

• assimilation of organic matter

(photosynthesis);

• transpiration (evaporation of water);
• gas exchange (absorption and release

• storage of nutrients and water;
• vegetative propagation.

The escape-

one of the main vegetative organs of higher plants, consisting of a stem with leaves and buds located on it.

• photosynthesis process;
• transpiration;
• formation of reproductive organs (sporangia, cones, flowers);
• supporting;
• transport

Flower -

organ of seed reproduction of flowering (angiosperm) plants.

• ensuring sexual reproduction of plants;
• protection (flowers serve to cover and protect ripening fruits and seeds)

• All flowering plants have the same organs.
• An essential feature of all flowering plants is the presence of a flower (modified shoot).
• All plant organs are interconnected.