Spelling s and radically after prefixes. The letters ы and и after vowel and consonant prefixes. Algorithm for writing prefixes Y and I
Spelling of prefixes - one of the most difficult sections of spelling modern Russian language.
It contains a huge number of prefixes with a variety of meanings. Some denote proximity (for example, “school”), some indicate movement in space (for example, “climb”).
You can also use prefixes to turn an imperfective verb into a perfective verb. For example, from the imperfective verb “play” you can make several verbs that denote an action that has already been completed: “play”, “play out”, “win”.
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Some prefixes can end in both a voiceless and a voiced consonant (for example, “break apart” and “tell”), but the prefix “s” does not have a voiced counterpart “z”. When doing spelling exercises, students are often faced with the problem of choosing, not knowing which letter to write after the prefix: “s” or “i”. For example, there is the verb “play”. But why does the letter “s” appear in the root of the word “play”? Where did she come from?
The letter "and" after consonant prefixes
The vowels “ы” and “и” after prefixes are one of the most common "stumbling blocks" for younger and sometimes even older schoolchildren. The letter “and” is always placed after those prefixes that end in a letter denoting a consonant sound. Here are the most typical examples: “truly”, “get interested”, “play”. However, schoolchildren very rarely have difficulties with the letter “and” after prefixes, because such words are usually pronounced the same way as they are written. For example, in the word “get interested” the sound “y” is not audible, but the sound “i” is clearly heard. Here are example sentences with these words:
- “The girl started playing the violin, and everyone cried with emotion”;
- “The boy came to a friend’s house and invited him to play together”;
- “Grandma decided to look for glasses under the sofa”;
- “The teacher became interested in Seryozha’s drawing.”
The letter "ы" after vowel prefixes
The letter "s" is always written after those prefixes, which end in a letter indicating a consonant sound. Here are the most typical examples: “play along on the piano”, “look for a loss”. However, there is one exception - the Old Church Slavonic word “to levy”, which means “to take”. In modern Russian there are no prefixes “vz”, but there is a prefix “voz” (for example, “to cultivate”) and “vos” (for example, “to rise”, “uprising”, “to rise”).
Here are example sentences with these words:
- “The Moskvich car was drawn in the lottery;
- “The weather is bad today, snow is falling from the sky!”;
- “I wanted to find a profitable job in the city”;
- "The Mongol-Tatars exacted tribute from the Russian princes."
When using this rule, you should remember that the prefixes “between” and “over” do not fit under it, for example: “inter-game break”, “inter-institute competition”, “super interesting book”. In the case of the word “inter-institutional,” it would not be amiss to remember another textbook rule, which says: “Combinations of “zhi” and “shi” are written only with the letter “i”!
Why is it important to spell prefixes correctly?
Prefix spelling rules a separate section in the school curriculum of the disciplines “Russian as a native language” (in the Russian Federation) and “Russian as a foreign language” (in the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States) is devoted. Exercises on the letters “s” and “i” after prefixes enrich the vocabulary of primary schoolchildren, help children master the basic principles of word formation using prefixes, and also develop memory and contribute to the rapid assimilation of theoretical rules in practice.
A person who speaks Russian well should pay attention to the correct spelling of prefixes. Correct use and writing in accordance with established norms and standards of the Russian language indicates a good level of education. Competent written language is often crucial when entering college and getting a job. A person who writes with errors is unlikely to be accepted or elected to a leadership position.
In order to learn how to write correctly, you first need practice. The following types of practical exercises seem to be the most effective:
- Insert the missing letters in words, guided by the learned rule;
- Give your own examples of a specific rule;
- Insert the missing prefixes or choose one prefix from several options for each word;
- Trace how the meaning of the same word changes depending on different prefixes.
Spelling of prefixes is studied in the high school course: from elementary (second to fourth) to high school (tenth to eleventh). Naturally, the level of difficulty of the exercises gradually increases as the students grow. The spelling of the letters “ы” and “и” after the prefix is first introduced into the curriculum in grades 3–4. These rules are then repeated annually, but the number of words used in practice exercises increases.
For that to write prefixes correctly, you need not only to know the rules, but also to be able to apply them in practice. Constantly performing practical exercises to consolidate the learned rules contributes to the development of spelling skills for prefixes and bringing them to automatism. Also, children and adults learn to write prefixes correctly while reading Russian classical literature: both poetry and prose.
In order to accurately write the vowels Y and I after prefixes, you need to remember that after Russian prefixes ending in a consonant, the roots are written not I, but Y in accordance with pronunciation. For example: SUMMARY, PREVIOUS.
This rule does not apply:
for words with foreign prefixes DEZ-, SUB-, CONTER-, TRANS-, POST-, PAN-, SUPER-, etc. (SUPERGAME, POSTIMPRESSIONISM);
for words with Russian prefixes INTER- and SVERH- (INTERSTITUTE, SUPERINTERESTING);
for complex abbreviated words (SPORTS EQUIPMENT);
as well as on the exception word VZIMAT, in which after the prefix ВЗ- the sound [and] is pronounced.
Exercise
1. For two months he played the role of a madman perfectly. (N.V. Gogol)
2. Well, are you done?! Eh, I'm tired of this life! (N.V. Gogol)
3. Black has a certain counterplay on the queenside.
4. These anonymous letters irritated me most of all. (F. M. Dostoevsky)
5. But as soon as I leave for a couple of days, something super interesting happens.
6. He, however, was not unaware that I had something... (F. M. Dostoevsky)
7. That jacket that you are taking off, look, it’s not even wrinkled. (N.V. Gogol)
8. Therefore, these letters seemed to me not entirely uninteresting. (F. M. Dostoevsky)
9. They somehow changed the frame and decorations in a very strange way... (L.N. Tolstoy)
10. And now this hope, no longer hope, but confidence in a miracle filled him to the very top of his head, and he was already wondering how he could have lived in such hopeless, hopeless darkness before... (A. and B. Strugatsky)
11. All troubles and misfortunes have changed the nature of man, making him lacking initiative. (L.N. Tolstoy)
12. You need to experience life at least once in its artificial beauty. (L.N. Tolstoy)
13. Energy workers are prohibited from charging fines for excessive consumption of electricity.
14. However, at all costs, he decided to find out the last small feature and shade in them, to comprehend their secret... (N.V. Gogol)
15. The local postmaster is doing absolutely nothing: everything is in great disrepair, parcels are delayed... if you please, find out for yourself on purpose. (N.V. Gogol)
16. From this, the collegiate assessor could see that the private bailiff was not ignorant of the sayings of the ancient sages... (N.V. Gogol)
17. It is necessary to organize the publication of an international electronic newspaper.
18. If you have already received this, so to speak, fantastic desire, then for my part I convey them to you without interest and take over the deed of sale. (N.V. Gogol)
19. In fact, nothing super interesting was found inside.
20. They found out that he lives in some strange company, got involved with some scum of the St. Petersburg population... (N.V. Gogol)
21. Kharkov plant "Sport_inventar" was founded in 1948.
22. Aragva, embracing another constant river, noisily bursting out of a black gorge full of darkness, stretches out like a silver thread and sparkles like a snake with its scales. (M. Yu. Lermontov)
23. I was the necessary person of the fifth act; involuntarily I played the pathetic role of an executioner or a traitor... (M. Yu. Lermontov)
24. Collection of materials of the Fourth Inter-Institutional Scientific and Practical Conference of Young Scientists.
25. It’s time to sum up how I live and how I am armed. (M. Svetlov)
26. The Trans-Ordan Emirate was created by England in the spring of 1921.
27. He entered the “Gray Joy”, drank a glass of Arkanar sourness, patted the hostess on the cheek, turned over, deftly moving his sword, the table of a regular informant, who was staring at him with empty eyes, then walked to the far corner and pushed away a shabby bearded man with an inkwell. on the neck. (A. and B. Strugatsky)
28. During the war years, the Pedagogical Institute suffered the most of all Tomsk universities, undergoing six moves from place to place.
The exercise was prepared by A. Kopeina and B. A. Panov (school No. 1199, Moscow “League of Schools”).
After all Russian consonant prefixes, Y is written instead of I, according to pronunciation. For example, play - play out - draw. Total - to summarize. Go - previous. In this case, the origin of the root, whether it is Russian or foreign, is not taken into account. This is how the phonetic principle of Russian spelling is implemented.
Please note that in words notorious, hopeless, again the letter Y is also written in the prefix, because it comes after the consonant prefix. In accordance with the same rule, the word is written since childhood.
Particular attention should be paid to the verb charge, in which the original Russian prefix vz-, ending in a hard consonant, joins the Old Russian verb “to have”, i.e. to take. In this verb, after the consonant prefix, the letter I is retained, in accordance with the pronunciation. Please note that in other cognates, for example confiscate, in accordance with pronunciation, we will write instead of I - Y.
After the Russian prefixes MEZH- and SVERH- the vowel I is written. For example, inter-institutional, ultra-refined. This is explained by historical reasons. Firstly, writing the vowel Y after the prefix MEZH- would violate the well-known rule: “Write ZHI - SHI with the letter I.” As for the prefix SUPER-, the fact is that for many centuries the sound [x] could only be hard, therefore, when combining the prefix SUPER- with the initial vowel of the root AND, no changes occurred in the pronunciation that should have been recorded graphically in writing . And so it stuck. Super interesting, super proactive.
After foreign language prefixes on the consonant DEZ-, CONT-, PAN-, POST-, SUB-, SUPER-, TRANS-vowel I is preserved so that the writer can quickly see the boundary between parts of the word and quickly understand what the word means. For example, disinformation, counterplay, pan-Iranian, post-impressionism, superintendent. Please note: in the Russian language, pairs of words with the same root can be formed in which the initial vowel of the root will look different. For example, post-infarction, But pre-infarction, counterplay, But draw. This is due to the fact that in the first case foreign language prefixes are used, and after them the vowel I of the root is retained. In the second case, prefixes of Russian origin ending in a consonant are used. Therefore, after them I turns into Y, according to pronunciation.
In addition, it should be remembered that the rule about the transition of I to Y after consonant prefixes does not apply to complex abbreviated words. For example, state inspection, sports equipment.
Bibliography
- Russian language. 6th grade / Baranov M.T. and others - M.: Education, 2008.
- Babaytseva V.V., Chesnokova L.D. Russian language. Theory. 5-9 grades - M.: Bustard, 2008.
- Russian language. 6th grade / Ed. MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta. - M.: Bustard, 2010.
- Presentation ().
- Additional tasks ().
Homework
Task No. 1
Add a consonant prefix to the verbs in these phrases. Write down the result.
Look for the criminal, play chess, look for the key, summarize the result.
Task No. 2
To the adjectives below, add a consonant prefix so that it changes the meaning of the word to the opposite. Write down the result.
Famous sculptor, interesting work, proactive employee, skillful game, ideological position.
Task No. 3
Insert the missing letters.
1. Finding mice here turned out to be not so easy.
2. This river receives a nameless tributary.
3. The history of this event was almost forgotten.
4. “The inter-institutional competition ended late,” Zhorka sighs.
5. Now I understand that I need to learn this from childhood.
6. In winter it’s boring in the village: there’s an overwhelming melancholy, there’s nowhere to go.
97. Instead of And after prefixes that end in a consonant, it is pronounced and written s: once s play, before s blowing, without s artificial, under s live without s active, before s story, not uninteresting and so on.
In two cases, after the consonant sound of the prefix it is written And :
1) in words with prefixes inter- And above- , For example: between And institute(competitions), above And exquisite(manners);
2) after foreign language prefixes, for example: sub And inspector, sir And Islamism, counter And gra.
98. Prefixes ending in a consonant, except h , are written according to the general rule, i.e. do not change this consonant: With add With saw, by d hit, hit d to nag etc.
That's why Russian words are never written at the beginning zb, zg, zz, zzh, but it is written sb, sg, sd, szh, except for the words: building yes, building aniye, building cows, zg and (neither zg and not visible), as well as derivatives from them: building eshny, building be equal, etc. (in these words the first letter is not a prefix).
99. Consoles from- , bottom- , WHO- , vz- , once- , rose- , without- , through And through- written with a letter h before vowels and before voiced consonants, and before voiceless consonants, these prefixes are written with the letter With: ra h beat - ra With saw, in h do - in With click or h overthrow - neither With walk, and h beat - and With spoil, blah h gifted - no With right, be h emergency - no With party etc.
Note. It should not be forgotten that the rule applies only consoles, i.e. that it has nothing to do with the root, for example: cart(Where WHO- root) or short, lower(Where bottom- root).
100. Console rose- (ros-) written only under stress when it is heard O: painting, But: receipt; slop, But: fall apart.
101. To avoid mistakes in the spelling of prefixes re- , pre- , at- , you need to understand the meaning of these prefixes. The meaning of the prefix re- - “again”, “differently”, “through”: repaint, overtake, jump over. The main meaning of the prefix at- — “approximation”, “adding”: run, attach, Also attract; in other cases it indicates an action performed on a small scale: open, lie down, lift; in addition, it has other meanings. Console pre- has two main meanings: 1) means a high degree of quality: most kind, most unpleasant; 2) has the same meaning in book words that the prefix has in simple words re- . For example: refraction(cf: break), transform, transform(cf: turn over) and so on.
It is necessary to distinguish between words (for their meaning, see the dictionary): arrive, arrive, arrival And abide, stay; aisle And limit, define; receiver And successor, successive; look after, despise, charity And despise, despise, contempt; start And transgress, criminal, crime.
TASK 10. ACCESSORIES.
Letters I/Y after prefixes.
After prefixes ending to a consonant, instead of the letter I the letter Y is written.
play along, play, play - Play
find, find, find - Search
unideological - ideological
without initiative - Initiative
non-induction - Induction
subintegral - Integral
prehistory - History
pre-July - July
WHEN IT DOESN'T WORK.
1. Exception. In a word charge the letter I is written.
in words of the same root AFTER OTHER PRESIDENTS Y is written according to the rule: withdraw
2. After consoles INTERNATIONAL And ABOVE- the letter I is retained.
inter-Institutional, inter-Imperialistic, super-Refined, super-Industrialization, super-Interesting
3. After foreign language prefixes DEZ-, CONTROL-, POST-, SUB-, SUPER-, TRANS-, PAN- the letter I is retained.
disinformation, counter-Game, post-Impressionism, sub-Inspector, super-Intendant, trans-Jordanian, pan-Islamism
4. Compound words do not follow this rule. The letter I is retained.
medical institute, pedagogical institute, sports equipment, dispute game, special boarding school
5. In complex words with the first stem TWO-, THREE, FOUR- I is also preserved.
two-pulse, three-pulse, three-ion, four-needle
Task 1 #5328
1) up..mother, pre..history, inter..institutional
2) not without..interesting, with..play, to...summarize
3) counter..gra, pedagogical..institute, super..interesting
4) super..gra, medical..institute, take..mother
5) dis..information, without..initiative, under..play
Background. After the prefix PRE- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
Inter-institute. After the prefix MEZH- we write AND, because this prefix is an exception.
2) Not uninteresting. After the prefix Bez- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
Play. After the prefix C- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
To summarize. After the prefix POD- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
3) Counterplay. After the prefix CONTR- we write AND, because this is a foreign language prefix; all foreign language prefixes are an exception to this rule.
Pedagogical institute is a complex abbreviated word, there are no prefixes in it. The root starting with I remains unchanged.
Super interesting. After the prefix SUPER- we write AND, because this prefix is an exception.
4) Super game. After the prefix SUPER- we write I, because this is a foreign language prefix; all foreign language prefixes are an exception to this rule.
Medical institute is a compound abbreviated word, there are no prefixes in it. The root starting with I remains unchanged.
Charge. After the prefix VZ- we write I, because This is an exception.
5) Misinformation. After the prefix DEZ- we write I, because this is a foreign language prefix; all foreign language prefixes are an exception to this rule.
Play along. After the prefix POD- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
Answer: 234
Task 2 #5329
Indicate the answer options in which the same letter is missing in all words of the same row. Write down the answer numbers.
1) pedagogical institute, previous..previous, without..initiative
2) dis..integration, notorious..to rise
3) over..excessive, over..play, post..imperial
4) re..start, inter..editorial, take up
5) with..improvise, suggest, from..mother
1) Pedagogical Institute. This is a compound word with no prefix. The root starting with I remains unchanged.
Previous. After the prefix PRE- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
Lack of initiative. After the prefix Bez- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
2) Disintegration. After the prefix DEZ- we write I, because this is a foreign language prefix; all foreign language prefixes are an exception to this rule.
Not unknown. After the prefix Bez- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
Jump. After the prefix ВЗ- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
3) Super redundant. After the prefix SUPER- we write AND, because this prefix is an exception.
In all words, in place of the gap I. Write out the number 3.
4) Reinvent. After the prefix RE- we leave AND, because This is a Russian prefix ending in a vowel.
Interpublishing. After the prefix MEZH- we write AND, because this prefix is an exception.
Charge. After the prefix VZ- we write I, because This is an exception.
In all words, in place of the gap I. Write out the number 4.
5) Improvise. After the prefix C- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
Find it. After the prefix POD- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
Seize. After the prefix IZ- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant. It is important to remember: this word is not an exception.
Answer: 345
Task 3 #5330
Indicate the answer options in which the same letter is missing in all words of the same row. Write down the answer numbers.
1) without..inaction, anti..weary, since..long ago
2) up..mother, over..excessive, post..industrial,
3) under..play, over..play, super..tendant
4) sports..equipment, ignore..ignore, re..building
5) from..mother, without..similarity, filled..
1) Unprincipled. After the prefix Bez- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
Anti-wear. After the prefix OPPOSITION, we leave AND, because This is a prefix ending in a vowel.
Since long ago. After the prefix C- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
2) Charge. Although the prefix VZ- ends in a consonant, we write I, since this is an exception. It should be remembered.
Super redundant. After the prefix SUPER- we write AND, because this prefix is an exception.
Post-industrial. After the prefix POST- we write I, because this is a foreign language prefix; all foreign language prefixes are an exception to this rule.
In all words, in place of the gap I. Write out the number 2.
3) Play along. After the prefix POD- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
Replay. After the prefix RE- we leave AND, because is a Russian prefix ending in a vowel.
Superintendent. After the prefix SUPER- we write I, because this is a foreign language prefix; all foreign language prefixes are an exception to this rule.
4) Sports equipment. This is a compound word with no prefix. The root starting with I remains unchanged.
In all words, in place of the gap I. Write out the number 4.
5) Confiscate. After the prefix IZ- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant. It is important to remember: this word is not an exception.
Hopelessness. After the prefix Bez- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
Silted. After the prefix ZA- we leave I, because is a Russian prefix ending in a vowel.
Answer: 24
Task 4 #5331
Indicate the answer options in which the same letter is missing in all words of the same row. Write down the answer numbers.
1) isolate..isolate, disinfect..infect, inspect..inspect
2) nameless, roz..sk, cross..climb
3) without..similarity, sports..equipment, to..hold back
4) care..interest, interest, rose..game
5) special..nursery, military..engineer, party..property
1) Insulate. After the prefix ZA- we leave I, because This is a Russian prefix ending in a vowel.
Disinfection. After the prefix DEZ- we write I, because this is a foreign language prefix; all foreign language prefixes are an exception to this rule.
Inspect. After the prefix PRO- we leave I, because is a Russian prefix ending in a vowel.
2) Unnamed. After the prefix Bez- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
Search. After the prefix ROZ- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
To be re-elected. After the prefix RE- we leave AND, because This is a Russian prefix ending in a vowel.
3) Hopelessness. After the prefix Bez- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
Sports equipment. This is a compound word with no prefix. The root starting with I remains unchanged.
Hold back. After the prefix PO- we leave I, because This is a Russian prefix ending in a vowel.
4) Take effect. After the prefix WHO- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
5) Special boarding school. Military engineer. Party property. These are compound words with no prefixes. Roots starting with I remain unchanged.
In all words, in place of the gap I. Write out the number 5.
Answer: 15
Task 5 #5332
Indicate the answer options in which the same letter is missing in all words of the same row. Write down the answer numbers.
1) under..hold back, hyper..inflation, without..gold
2) dis..sector, ignore..ignore, under..index
3) with..mitate, re..building, post..imperial
4) z..lazy, z..interested, sanitary..inspector
5) without..tasteful, pre..heart attack, out of..skate
1) I held back. After the prefix POD- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
Hyperinflation. After the prefix HYPER- we write AND, because this is a foreign language prefix; all foreign language prefixes are an exception to this rule.
Needleless. After the prefix Bez- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
2) Exterminator. After the prefix DEZ- we write I, because this is a foreign language prefix; all foreign language prefixes are an exception to this rule.
Ignore. After the prefix PRO- we leave I, because is a Russian prefix ending in a vowel.
Subindex. After the prefix POD- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
3) Simulate. After the prefix C- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
Reissue. After the prefix RE- we leave AND, because is a Russian prefix ending in a vowel.
Post-imperial. After the prefix POST- we write I, because this is a foreign language prefix; all foreign language prefixes are an exception to this rule.
4) Silted. After the prefix ZA- we leave I, because is a Russian prefix ending in a vowel.
Interest. After the prefix ZA- we leave I, because is a Russian prefix ending in a vowel.
Sanitary inspector. This is a compound word with no prefix. The root starting with I remains unchanged.
In all words, in place of the gap I. Write out the number 4.
5) Artless. After the prefix Bez- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
Pre-infarction. After the prefix PRE- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
In all words, Y is missing. We write down the number 5.
Answer: 45
Task 6 #5333
Indicate the answer options in which the same letter is missing in all words of the same row. Write down the answer numbers.
1) to..interest, to..name, to..dress
2) pre..heart attack, rose..hype, without..illusoriness
3) agricultural..equipment, de..deologization, post..impressionism
4) s..sk, exploration, tourism..industry
5) excellent..excellent, pre..interesting, from..to find
1) Get interested. After the prefix ZA- we leave I, because is a Russian prefix ending in a vowel.
Name. After the prefix NA- we leave I, because is a Russian prefix ending in a vowel.
To become ordinary. After the prefix OB- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
2) Pre-infarction. After the prefix PRE- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
Prank. After the prefix ROZ- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
Illusionlessness. After the prefix Bez- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
In all words, Y is missing. We write down the number 2.
3) Agricultural equipment. This is a compound word with no prefixes. The root starting with I remains unchanged.
Deideologization. After the prefix DE- we write I, because this is a foreign language prefix; all foreign language prefixes are an exception to this rule.
Post-Impressionism. After the prefix POST- we write I, because this is a foreign language prefix; all foreign language prefixes are an exception to this rule.
In all words, in place of the gap I. Write out the number 3.
4) Detective After the prefix C- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix that consists of only one consonant.
Search. After the prefix RAZ- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
Tourism industry. This is a compound word with no prefix. The root starting with I remains unchanged.
5) Named. After the prefix OT- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
Very interesting. After the prefix we leave AND, because is a Russian prefix ending in a vowel.
Find. After the prefix IZ- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
Answer: 23
Task 7 #5334
Indicate the answer options in which the same letter is missing in all words of the same row. Write down the answer numbers.
1) re..start, special..boarding school, ..call
2) from..childish, super..individual, military..engineer
3) yearning for, party.. property, for.. young
4) excellent..excellent, from..scanned, rose..grysh
5) without..tasteful, with..sk, super..intuition
1) Reinvent. After the prefix RE- we leave AND, because is a Russian prefix ending in a vowel.
Special boarding school This is a compound word with no prefix. The root starting with I remains unchanged.
Lime. After the prefix ZA- we leave I, because is a Russian prefix ending in a vowel.
In all words, in place of the gap I. We write down the number 1.
2) Childhood. After the prefix C- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix that consists of only one consonant.
Trans-individual. After the prefix OVER- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
Military engineer. This is a compound word with no prefix. The root starting with I remains unchanged.
3) Seeker. After the prefix ВЗ- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant. The exception is the word “collect”.
Party property. This is a compound word with no prefix. The root starting with I remains unchanged.
Frosty. After the prefix ZA- we leave I, because is a Russian prefix ending in a vowel.
4) Named. After the prefix OT- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
Exquisite. After the prefix IZ- we write Y (instead of I), because This is a Russian prefix ending in a consonant.
Prank. The prefix ends in a consonant. Therefore, at the beginning of the root I is replaced by Y.
In all words there is an Y in place of the omission. We write down the number 4.
5) Artless, detective. Prefixes end in a consonant. Therefore, at the beginning of the root I is replaced by Y.
Superintuition. After the prefix SUPER- we write AND, because this prefix is an exception.
Answer: 14
When preparing to take certification testing in the Russian language, high school students must once again remember the basic rules regarding the spelling of the letters -i, -s after prefixes. Although this section is covered in sufficient detail as part of the basic school curriculum, many graduates are faced with the need to repeat this material. At the same time, accurate knowledge of the rules for writing the letters -i, -y in the root after prefixes will allow students to quickly complete the proposed tasks and avoid common mistakes in the process of passing the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. This, in turn, is the key to obtaining competitive scores based on the results of writing certification tests.
Basic material required for re-study
To know exactly in which cases the letter -i will be written after prefixes, and in which -s, we recommend brushing up on the basic rules.
Must be learned!
- The letter -ы is written in accordance with pronunciation instead of -i after Russian prefixes that end in a consonant, with the exception of inter- and super-. For example, look for. As an exception to this rule, it is worth noting the word charge.
- Writing the letter i- must be done in the following cases:
- after foreign prefixes counter-, dez-, post-, super-, trans-, pan-, sub-. For example, counterplay;
- after the prefixes over- and inter-. For example, interpublisher;
- after prefixes that end in a vowel, according to pronunciation. For example, win.
Important! This rule for spelling the letters -ы and -и after prefixes is not applicable to compound words. For example, sports equipment.
Choose the educational website "Shkolkovo" for high-quality preparation for certification testing in the Russian language!
To ensure that tasks related to spelling the letters -i, -s after prefixes ending in a consonant do not cause any particular difficulties when passing the mandatory final test, study on our online portal. Here you will find all the material that will help you fully prepare for the exam. The information is presented in the most accessible form.
Experienced Shkolkovo teachers are confident that, gradually moving from simple to more complex, high school students will be able to identify the most difficult topics for themselves and thus improve their basic knowledge. First, graduates are asked to once again repeat the main theoretical material (, suffixes, etc.). Once students have done this, they can look at specific examples and practice the exercises. An extensive bank of tasks is presented in the corresponding section of the Shkolkovo website. The list of exercises is constantly updated by our teachers.
Don’t put off preparing for later, start your classes on time! Look at the tasks on the topic “Spelling vowels -и, -ы after prefixes”, select the simplest ones first and try to complete them. If you do not encounter any particular difficulties, you can safely move on to more serious exercises. And if certain difficulties still arise, then we recommend that you add regular classes on our website to your schedule.
We provide training for students online. This means that not only graduates from Moscow, but also students living in other cities of Russia can study on the Shkolkovo educational portal.