Perchlorovinyl facade paint and coloring of the building. Perchlorovinyl facade paint: features and composition

To date, paints based on perchlorovinyl, organosilicon resins are not as popular as before. However, throughout the whole time, they remain one of the cheapest materials. This is primarily due to their high durability and ease of use.

However, these compositions also have disadvantages due to the fact that they include a volatile organic solvent. A solvent is necessary to give the composition a masking consistency, but when it is evaporated, substances are released that adversely affect the human body. Many of these substances are flammable, so the use of volatile resin paints is associated with increased fire hazard.

Perchlorovinyl paints have good adhesion to concrete, brick, etc. Their characteristic feature is a high saturation of the color tone. But they are prone to cracking due to the high deformability of the film and fading in the sun, which is associated with the release of excess chlorine contained in the resin. These paints can be applied only in a thin layer, which requires particularly careful preparation of the painted surface.

In the preparation of perchlorovinyl paints, light-resistant mineral and artificial pigments are used: mummy, iron minium, ocher, umber, chromium oxide, mono strand (blue pigment), so that the color of the facade can remain for 6-8 years. This period determines the durability of perchlorovinyl films in outdoor conditions. For whitening paints, zinc or lithoponic whitewash and chalk are used, taken in a weight ratio of 30:70.

Perchlorvinyl paints contain up to 40-45% of different color pigments with different specific gravities, due to which, during storage, the paint stratifies and sometimes a very dense precipitate is formed. Therefore, before use, as well as during operation, colorful compositions should be systematically thoroughly mixed so as not to get surfaces of different colors.

Perchlorovinyl compounds containing solvents, xylene, and sometimes toluene as solvents are toxic. Therefore, it is forbidden to paint surfaces with these compounds in enclosed spaces. It is also forbidden to paint the facades at a positive temperature above 5 ° C, as this quickly evaporates the solvent, the vapors of which are toxic.

Painting technology

Facades paint perchlorovinyl paint  at temperatures from plus 4 to minus 20 ° C. An increase in temperature leads to intensive evaporation of the solvent and accelerated drying of the paint layer, lowering the temperature leads to an increase in viscosity.

The surface prepared for painting is coated with a white primer or with a composition prepared from chalk and 10% perchlorovinyl varnish.

Facades are painted twice, applying the next layer after drying the previous one. Coloring is carried out with a fur-coated roller, or a spray gun. Perchlorovinyl paints consumption per 1 sq.m. with a two-layer coating it is up to 500 g. Upon completion of work, brushes, rollers and paint sprayers are washed in solvent.

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD (TTK)

PAINTING THE FACADES OF BUILDINGS WITH CHLORINVIN AND POLYSTYRENE PAINTS

I. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

1. The coloring of the facades of stone houses with perchlorovinyl and polystyrene compounds is carried out in accordance with this technological map.

2. Prior to painting, the following must be completed:

a) sandblasting the facade and removing scraping old peeling paint;

b) plaster repair;

c) restoration and installation of stucco products;

d) roofing;

e) repair of external window bindings.

II. RECEPTIONS AND MEANS OF WORK

1. Coloring of building facades with perchlorovinyl and polystyrene paints is carried out in the following order (depending on the type of surface to be painted):

a) inspect the surface before painting and correct the plaster if necessary, clean the surface of dust with a brush or compressed air;

b) paint unplastered facades 2 times without priming with varnish;

c) the facades with newly constructed plaster should be primed with 5% varnish, after which it will be painted 2 times;

g) the facades with partially preserved old plaster should be primed with 5% varnish, applied with a solid putty with sanding and painted 2 times.

2. Prime the gypsum façade details with hot, natural drying oil. After the primer has dried, the surfaces of the parts should be coated with 5% varnish and painted 2 times.

3. The wooden surfaces, previously cleaned of dirt and remaining paint, should be primed with a natural drying oil; after drying, varnish should be coated with 5% varnish, puttied, followed by sanding and painted 2 times, adding 5% plasticizer to the paint (dibutylstolate, etc.).

4. Before painting with perchlorovinyl and polystyrene paints, the places previously repeatedly painted with the same paints should be cleaned or primed with alcohol-shellac varnish, polyvinyl acetate paint or 5% solution of casein glue.

5. With an uneven texture of the plaster, partially fill the irregularities, and then solid-over the entire surface.

6. Paint the facades with perchlorovinyl and polystyrene paints using spray guns in accordance with the schemes shown in Fig. # M # S and # M # S, or manually (with brushes). Painting in rainy weather or in direct sunlight is prohibited. Breaks in painting should be allowed only at the borders of rods, scraps and other articulations of the facade.

7. When working with spray guns, observe the following instructions:

a) mix the paint before use to a consistency of 30-40 seconds using a VZ-4 viscometer;

b) blow out the hoses and spray gun before painting, adjust the pressure in the tank by 1.5-2 atm .;

c) direct the stream of paint from the spray gun to perpendicular to the surface to be painted; the nozzle of the gun at the time of painting should be at a distance of 40-80 cm from the surface to be painted.

8. Metal structures and parts should not be painted with perchlorovinyl and polystyrene compounds.

9. Work with perchlorovinyl and polystyrene paints in respirators or goggles; Before starting work, grease hands with Vaseline, and after work wash with warm water and soap. Smoking near these colors is prohibited.

10. Store perchlorovinyl and polystyrene paints and their solvents in a closed container under awnings, in inventory cabinets or in well-ventilated rooms at a temperature not exceeding 20 ° C.

11. Putty and paints before using them in the winter, soak for 2 days in a warm room, insulate the paint pump tank and install it and the compressor on the tiers of the scaffolds to reduce the length of the hoses to 6-8 m; the cylinder block, oil separator and receiver tank of the compressors are also heated. To heat the paints in winter, use special water baths of the design of the Fasadremstroy trust (# Mris. 3 # S).

12. Painting in winter conditions on wooden and metal surfaces with oil compounds cannot be done; these surfaces should be painted 2 times with special compositions that differ from ordinary perchlorovinyl in high resin content and the addition of plasticizers. The formulation of perchlorovinyl and polystyrene compositions is given below.

13. The schemes of the paint-injection tank and the spray gun are shown in Fig. # M # S and # M # S.

14. Work on painting the facades of buildings with perchlorovinyl and polystyrene paints should be carried out with a link of 6 people.

QUALITY CONTROL OF WORK

Surface preparation for painting

The quality of painting and its service life on the facade after the repair of roofing is largely dependent on careful surface preparation before painting. Paint compositions require surface preparation for painting:

1. The surface must be thoroughly cleaned of dirt, fragile flaky old paint (accumulated) and even from strong layers of old paint and putty, if the composition of the new paint requires it.

2. Destroyed, damp, tarry or behind the wall (determined by a dull sound when tapping), the old plaster should be removed and a new one should be made instead. Moreover, the covering layer should be close in texture and size of sand to the covering layer of the preserved old plaster, so that after painting the places with new plaster should not be stained on the facade of the building.

3. The facade should be prevented from efflorescence. For this place, the walls, dampened by leaks, must be dried after removing the old plaster, the efflorescence is cleaned and the new plaster is made of a hydrophobic solution that prevents the penetration of salts into the paint layer. A hydrophobic plaster solution is made from a composition of 1: 0.5: 4 with the addition of a 1% solution of silicone 50% emulsion GKZh-94 in an amount of 1 kg or 12 kg of a 10% solution of soap oil.

4. In accordance with climatic conditions, when repairing the plaster, frost-resistant mortar compositions of 1: 0.5: 5 by volume (Portland cement: lime paste: sand) should be used. Gypsum and lime-gypsum mortars are durable only in dry conditions, and they are quickly destroyed by accidental leaks and frost, so they should not be used on facades. The use of "greasy" mortar compositions with a large proportion of lime is not recommended, since these solutions, although convenient in operation, give shrinkage cracks in the plaster in the future. When plastering facades, it is not recommended to use lime-slag and lime-pozzolanic mortars, slag Portland cement and pozzolanic Portland cement, as experience has shown that such plaster on the facades quickly collapses. To avoid this, it is recommended to use ordinary Portland cement in complex mortars for plasters. The use of ground quicklime magnesia and dolomite lime in complex solutions leads to cracks in the plaster, in order to avoid such lime should be pre-soaked with water two days before use.

Old layers of lime, casein, polyvinyl acetate, perchlorovinyl and polystyrene paints are cleaned off mainly by sandblasting and cleaned with scrapers and brushes. Old layers of oil paint, which cannot always be removed by sandblasting, are removed with steel scrapers using (if necessary) preliminary calcination of the oil accumulated with soldering or gas burners.

Sand for sandblasting should be dry, clean, without clay particles, sifted through a sieve with holes of 1.2-2 mm. Sandblasting is carried out using sandblasting machines with a capacity of 170 l and 250 l. These devices operate using compressed air supplied by a ZIF-55 compressor. The working pressure during cleaning is selected in relation to the state of painting and plaster in such a way that excessive pressure does not cause them to be damaged in places that must be preserved, at the same time, the pressure should be sufficient to remove dirt and unstable deposits. For this, it is usually sufficient to have a working pressure of 2-3 atm. When cleaning the facade, the distance between the nozzle and the surface being cleaned is 0.4-0.8 m.

Dry sand cleaning is accompanied by a large dust formation, in order to avoid what a hydro-sandblast cleaning method has been developed and successfully tested, in which cleaning is carried out with a mixture of sand and water. To do this, the usual nozzle is replaced by a special device (# Mris. 6 # S), which, in addition to the nozzle and hose for sand, has a separate nozzle and hose connected to the domestic water supply. The device works with two nozzles, the water pressure in the network should be at least 0.5 atm. Approximately 5 kg of sand and 5 l of water are consumed per 1 m2 of surface to be cleaned.

When cleaning facades with sandblasting machines, special care must be taken to clean the molded products.

After cleaning the facade from contamination and old plaster, the plaster is repaired. With large volumes of plaster being replaced, it may be appropriate to use a mortar pump to supply the solution to the nozzle. It is advisable to choose such mortar pumps that do not require very liquid solutions, but allow you to work on relatively thick solutions (5-6 cm cone).

The nozzles of the non-compressor type are suitable for applying the solution, allowing to exclude fogging and rebound of the solution and making it possible to apply it not only on wide, but also on narrow planes (window and door slopes, drafts, belts and curtain rods).

The technical staff and the workers themselves must always remember that in the event of a violation of safety requirements, they endanger both themselves and their comrades working with them.

Before starting work, the reliability of installed scaffolding and mounted cradles is checked. Scaffold frames should be completely stable, firmly attached to the wall and have a reliable support; the ends of the decks should be located on the supports; the location of the joints of the flooring and boards between the supports is unacceptable. Floors and stepladders for lifting on them must be enclosed with handrails and (bottom) side boards to prevent slipping of feet and falling materials; There should not be any nails and staples on floors, handrails, racks and steps. Forests should be regularly cleaned of debris, snow and ice. When working on several tiers of forests at once, it is necessary to arrange workers so that they do not simultaneously work on the same vertical (one under the other).

When working with cradles, it is necessary to ensure the strength of ropes, cables and blocks, the reliability of their fastening. In order to avoid damage and disruption of the eaves, the cradle should be hung on special devices (cantilever beams, underlay boards, swing hooks, etc.). Before working on the cradle, it must be tested with a double working load, as well as to check the stability and serviceability of the winch and brake device. Lifting and lowering the cradle with workers in it is allowed only if the cradle itself has a special mechanism for this. When working with cradles, as well as when working on the roof and other places that do not have fences, it is necessary to provide workers with safety belts and ropes tied to strong parts of the building. The place under the cradles near the facade should have a fence.

During operation, all electrified devices and tools are reliably grounded to avoid the possibility of electric shock. All joints of electrical wires are well insulated, wires are suspended on insulators, and not on temporary slats and not on nails; circuit breakers for switching on current and electric fuses are placed in special boxes.

When working on facades near which electric lines are located, special care must be taken: it is strictly forbidden to touch the wires; if fastenings of the contact networks of a tram or trolleybus are attached to the facade, it is impossible to start work until obtaining permission from the tram-trolleybus service and before turning off the current.

When working with mechanisms and devices, all the rules for using them indicated in special instructions must be observed, as well as the following rules:

1. Before starting the mechanism, check its idle operation.

2. Do not clean, lubricate, open or repair the mechanism on the go.

3. Do not work on faulty and unverified control and monitoring devices (pressure reducing valves, pressure regulators, pressure gauges, actuators, etc.), as well as without fencing all moving parts of the drive (transmission belts, gears, etc.).

When working with dusty materials and toxic compounds that are harmful to the skin, mucous membranes and respiratory tract of a person, workers should wear glasses and respirators, lubricate the face and hands with Vaseline, wear special clothing, shoes and mittens. Work without protective devices against the harmful effects of dust, alkali, acid and other chemically active products is not allowed.

When working with combustible compounds (containing solvent, xylene, kerosene, white spirit, turpentine, etc.), workers should be familiar with fire safety rules before starting work; smoking and using open fire with these compounds is prohibited.

Workers engaged in the repair of facades in winter conditions should be provided with warm clothes (quilted jackets, cotton trousers), shoes (felt boots), warm mittens and be able to periodically be heated in a room designated for this purpose.

If a worker develops nausea, dizziness, headache, and other ailments during work on the facade, he should immediately contact a medical center.

Before eating and at the end of work, the hands and face of the worker should be thoroughly washed.

Persons not younger than 18 years old are allowed to carry out painting work, as well as to prepare paint compositions.

The painter should remember that due to failure to comply with the requirements set out in the instructions for labor protection, the daily routine, when carrying out painting work, dangers may arise:

Electric shock;

Poisoning by pairs of paints;

Falls from a height;

Ignition of paints and varnishes.

The workplace should be organized in accordance with the maps of labor processes, kept clean.

The condition of forests, cradles and towers must comply with the requirements: # MGOST 12.2.003-91 # S, # MGOST #S, # MGOST #S, # MGOST. # S

Hazardous places and areas contain posters and labels for TB.

The painter must:

Perform only the work assigned to him by the work manager;

Smoke and use open flame only in designated areas;

II. Safety Requirements Before You Begin

The painter must:

Get a safety briefing from the work manager in case of a change in the type of work and working conditions, to clarify the task;

Put on and tidy overalls and personal protective equipment;

Inspect the workplace, remove unnecessary items, clear passages;

Check tool health;

If necessary, turn on the lighting;

When using a mechanized tool - make sure that electrical equipment, cables, grounding, hose connections for compressed air are in good condition, and test it at idle;

Check the readiness of paints for use.

III. Safety Requirements During Operation

The painter must:

Do not clutter the aisles and the workplace with building materials, containers;

Use only ready-made colors;

Serve a tool with sharp and sharp surfaces so that the working receiving tool can grab it by the handle.

When working at height:

To store the tool and container after taking measures to prevent their spontaneous fall;

Use tested safety belts;

To go down only on step-ladders or capital stairs;

The painter is FORBIDDEN:

Work without overalls and personal protective equipment;

Work with faulty equipment and tools;

Work in malfunctioning and insufficient lighting;

Do not approach or be under a raised load;

To wedge racks of scaffolding and scaffolding with trimmed boards, bricks and other contingent devices and materials;

To sort woods and scaffolds by a method of collapse;

To carry out work on unshielded workplaces at a height of more than 1 m above the ground;

IV. Safety requirements at the end of work

The painter must:

To tidy up the workplace;

Disconnect from the network mechanisms and electrified tools;

Wash and return to the warehouse removable equipment and tools;

Remove mechanisms from scaffolding and scaffolding.

V. Requirements for the behavior of the worker in the event of a dangerous situation

An emergency situation may occur due to:

Excessive load on forests;

Short circuits and fires of power cables;

Power cuts.

The painter must:

Immediately signal a danger;

Take measures to prevent an accident and leave the danger zone;

Inform the supervisor;

If necessary, provide first aid to victims.

Work Schedule

Table 1

Work Schedule

Table 1

continuation

Labor costing  given in table 2.

Labor costing

table 2

Perchlorovinyl paint is often used to clad exterior walls. The material consists of a mixture of perchlorovinyl resin, pigments and fillers dissolved in xylene.

Facade perchlorovinyl paint is an expensive material, so it is important to properly prepare the surface for decoration with its use.

If the walls were previously painted, then the old paint layer will need to be removed using a sandblasting machine or, in extreme cases, with a conventional scraper. It should be understood that manual cleaning will not be as effective as mechanical cleaning with sand and compressed air.

Facade perchlorovinyl paint can be presented in different colors, does not need mixing and preparation, is fully prepared for use.

Considering the solvent or xylene included in the composition of the material, certain measures should be taken to protect people participating in the finishing work. It is important that they use a respirator and safety glasses.

Features of the use of material

Facade perchlorovinyl paint can be used at temperatures from -20 to +40 degrees. It is advisable not to apply the material at higher temperatures in order to eliminate the evaporation of the solvents included in its composition.

Remember that the mixture has a phenomenal drying rate, often leading to lasa formation. This can be avoided quite simply - if you add a solution to the paint based on ordinary laundry soap, which will ensure uniform drying of the material.

Adding a solution is not necessary in the winter, as in this case, when it dries, it forms unethical stripes. It is important to apply paint to well-dried walls of the facade in order to achieve the formation of a uniform facing layer.

It is correct to apply the paint in winter, but it should be borne in mind that during this period the material becomes more viscous and will need preliminary insulation before finishing.

For this, ordinary felt is suitable, which will need to cover the compressor and the tank for pumping the material. A good option is to use fur rollers for dyeing.

Varieties of perchlorovinyl facade paints

The best option for facade cladding are perchlorovinyl paints with an underestimated mass of impurities and varnish.

The most popular models are:

1. Enamel XB -125  - a mixture based on talc dissolved in alkyd and polyvinyl chloride resin with plasticizers, organic solvents and aluminum chips. Paint ХВ -125 is suitable for finishing surfaces made of wood and metal. Does not need preliminary priming of the surface.
2. Front paint XB-161  - a mixture based on colored pigments and fillers dissolved in PVC varnish. The material is well suited for decorating brick facades and decorated with plaster. It is permissible to stain ХВ-161 at temperatures from -20 to +40 degrees, which is very convenient, since it does not tie work to a specific time of the year.
3. XB-182  - enamel with a quantity of non-volatile substances not exceeding 46%. It is characterized by high adhesion and sedimentation stability, well suited for facing concrete and brick surfaces. Unlike XB-161, XB-182 needs to prepare walls using a primer based on perchlorovinyl.

Features of applying paint to the surface of facades

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