The mass of an oleic acid molecule. Oleic acid is a multifaceted gift of nature. One should be careful when interpreting studies on oleic acid
Scientists have found an effective antidote to radiation. This oleic acid. It acts on cytochrome C.
It belongs to proteins. Cytochrome C is a necessary component of the respiratory chain and a carrier of substances into mitochondria - a kind of cell batteries.
When exposed to radiation, the protein detaches from the cell membrane and activates apoptosis.
This is what scientists call tissue death as a result of exposure to alpha and beta radiation.
However, when interacting with oleic acid, the activity of cytochrome C is minimized.
A person can be saved. Let's take a closer look at the medicine and find out the full range of its properties.
Properties of oleic acid
Properties acids are atypical. The substance not only has no smell, but also no taste. Meanwhile, they got their name precisely because of their sourness.
Among those allowed for consumption, we remember, for example, lemon and vinegar solution.
Oleic acid contains in olive oil, after which it was named. But the compound does not make the product sour.
The heroine is also found in fats, therefore, it is classified as fatty.
They are all single-base, open-chain carbon. The latter characteristic means that atoms in molecules do not close into circles and polygons.
Carboxylic acids are those with one or more carboxyl groups COOH.
Compounds with only one atom are called monobasic. This is also oleic acid. Formula compounds: - C 17 H 33 COOH.
The compound has typical satellites. Yes, they meet nearby palmitic And oleic acid.
The first is found in palm oil. It also contains oleic acid, like many animal fats.
In the latter, the heroine of the article is almost always joined by linoleic acid.
Oleic acid is also a typical companion of stearic acid. The joint product is stearin.
It is a food additive and raw material for making candles. Oleic And stearic acid fatty, but they are easier to separate than duets with linoleic and palmitic compounds.
They, like oleic, are unsaturated, that is, they do not contain double bonds. Stearic acid contains them and is saturated.
Oleic fatty acid is a viscous liquid. Its density approaches 1 gram per cubic centimeter.
Here is another difference from crystalline stearic. In water oleic acid fat does not dissolve.
Mix it with chloroform, benzene, methanol, diethyl ether and ethanol.
The heroine of the article has a low melting point - only 16 degrees Celsius. The technical indicator is slightly higher. There are many impurities in it. These are saponifiers, other organics.
Because of their presence oleic acid oil becomes pasty, acquires smell and color. The latter varies from yellowish to brown.
In fairness, we note that pure acid can also become. The reason is sunlight and air oxygen.
The substance is easily oxidized and, as can be seen, “tans” in ultraviolet rays. Therefore, olein is stored in an opaque container that is tightly closed.
Technical oleic acid suitable, for example, for processing stainless steel. The fat of the compound lubricates it.
As a result, the drilling process with crowns is simplified. Most often, bimetallic ones are used. We will talk about other areas of application of oleic acid further.
Applications of oleic acid
Application connections are also associated with the cosmetics industry. Oleic acid included in compound creams, lotions, detergents, in particular soaps.
It was not for nothing that the title mentioned the effect of the compound on proteins that build cell membranes.
The condition of the cell membranes is reflected in the appearance. So, oleic prolongs youth.
The compound helps retain moisture and acts as a protective film. It is not visible to the naked eye.
In soap, oleic acid acts as an emulsifying component. The connection plays the same role in.
Emulsifiers are commonly called substances that can transform immiscible components into emulsions.
Without olein, both soap and rubber would separate into fractions. By the way, both materials use not pure, but ee.
Also used in medicine oleic acid. At the pharmacy, for example, you can find the drug "Linetol".
It is prescribed for radiation burns. But, the product will also help with thermal and chemical damage to the skin.
"Linetol" is also prescribed for atherosclerosis. By strengthening cell membranes, the drug also strengthens blood vessels, helping to get rid of the disease.
Its location is not important. The drug equally effectively fights both cerebral atherosclerosis and that which manifests itself in the blood vessels.
The field of nutrition can also be called partly medical. Nutritionists call Omega oleic acid.
Have you heard about the Omega-9 group of fatty acids and their benefits for the body? So, oleic is one of them. They are trying to replace her.
However, tests show that the body does not adapt. The quality of membranes inevitably changes for the worse.
Therefore, you need olive oil, which contains as much as 80%. The content of oleic compounds in sesame oil is also high – 40%.
Rice bran extract contains approximately the same amount of acid. You will find 6% olein in coconut oil. All titles are not cheap.
Therefore, in fact, industrialists are looking for replacements. But nutritionists do not recommend switching to them.
Buy oleic acid– a typical request for paint and varnish production. The heroine of the article is added to, varnishes, olives.
So, the scope is wide. However, the list of methods for obtaining the substance cannot be called extensive. Let's study the process and understand its impact on the price tag of olein.
Oleic acid extraction
This is one of the few acids that cannot be synthesized. The options that come to mind are unprofitable.
Industrialists still obtain the compound from oils to this day. You will go broke on olive oil, unless, of course, you live in Italy.
Therefore, they use a mixture of sunflower, rapeseed, mustard and coriander. First, the glycerides of the oils are decomposed.
Afterwards, light and heavy boiling compounds are separated from the mass of carboxylic acids. Distillation helps.
The method of hydrogenation of tall oil stands out separately. This is a processing product of sulphate soap.
Exposure to sulfuric acid produces a mixture of organic compounds with a pungent odor. Among them is olein.
To isolate it, you need a temperature of 20 to 100 degrees and a pressure of 0.5 megapascals. The process lasts about 3 hours.
For a reaction to succeed, a catalyst is needed. It is made from . An ion exchange resin is used as a carrier.
Tall oil contains about 40% olein. Lately, instead of a palladium catalyst they have been using .
The carrier is kieselguhr, a sedimentary rock. This approach allows you to obtain the purest acid. How much do they charge for it? We will devote the final chapter to this.
Oleic acid price
B-14, B-15, B, all this oleic acid. Price, as you understand, depends on.
The most popular is B15. It is purchased by manufacturers of paint and varnish products and chemical enterprises.
For a kilogram of raw materials they ask for about 60 rubles. For wholesale purchases, the amount is reduced by approximately 10 rubles for every 1000 grams.
Oleic acid B-14 is a technical product. They ask for it twice as much - about 30 rubles per kilogram. You can find offers for 25 and even 22 rubles in case of wholesale orders.
B is also technical, but of medium purity, not as contaminated as B-14. The price tag, accordingly, is also average.
For 1000 grams of the compound they ask for 40-50 rubles. The form of supply, as a rule, is barrels. They are designed for wholesalers.
Small orders are sent in plastic canisters with screw caps. Manufacturers offer canisters of 3, 4, 5, 10, 20 kilograms.
Barrels are usually filled with 25, 30, 45 liters. Can you imagine how much vitamin E there is? This is one of the components of the acid, or rather, an admixture to it.
Vitamin E is believed to be essential for youthful skin, hair and nails. It turns out that not only olevine itself is useful.
Benefits can also be found in its pollutants. Although, to get vitamin E there are more pleasant foods, for example, cabbage.
It belongs to the category of unsaturated acids and is (of all unsaturated acids) the most common in nature, especially in vegetable oils (olive, palm, sunflower) and fats of animal origin. Externally, it is an oily liquid without color or odor, although the acid used for industrial purposes (rubber production, metalworking) may have a yellowish tint. This type of acid received its name “oleic” thanks to olive oil, where it contains more than 80%. However, it is also found in many other products, in particular in peanut butter - about 65%, in sunflower and beef fat - about 40%.
Properties and scope of application of oleic acid
This type of acid is harmless when it comes into contact with human skin and does not dissolve in water. For removal you can use alcohol, acetone, chloroform, ether. During operation, it is necessary to take into account that when interacting with oxygen and ultraviolet radiation, the substance oxidizes and darkens. Therefore, oleic acid should be stored in an opaque, tightly closed container.
The scope of application of oleic acid is extensive and covers many areas of human activity - from medicine and cosmetology to metalworking and the production of rubber products. In particular, oleic acid is used in the food industry in the production of flavorings, and in the pulp and paper industry as a cellulose plasticizer. It is also used in the production of varnish, drying oils, and emulsifiers. This type of unsaturated acids is widely used in metalworking, especially as a cutting fluid in metal-cutting operations.
Oleic acid in metal cutting tools
Oleic acid is widely used in the processing of hard high-alloy alloys, including stainless steels. The lubricating properties of the material greatly simplify the process of drilling with bimetallic and other types of stainless steel bits. Oleic acid is practically irreplaceable for turning operations with hard alloys, for drilling and threading.
As part of special mixtures, oleic acid is also used to polish the surfaces of parts, removing a layer of metal up to 22 microns thick. It is also used for finishing the tool and its working parts, as well as for forming precise sealing surfaces.
Despite the widespread introduction of synthetic materials, oleic acid continues to be the most optimal type of coolant for processing metal products made of hard alloys and is widely used in modern metalworking.
Surely everyone has heard about fatty acids and even their benefits. But there are so many of them that you can simply get confused by the names. Meanwhile, there are those that the human body needs. These include oleic acid.
What it is?
Oleic acid is considered monounsaturated and belongs to the omega-9 fatty acids. It is necessary for the normal functioning of the body, so it should always be present in it. It is worth noting that oleic acid is replaceable, that is, it is synthesized (the liver is responsible for its production).
But nevertheless, such a component must enter the body along with food, so the diet must contain foods rich in it. Externally, the acid looks like a practically colorless oily liquid, odorless and soluble in organic solvents.
Application
Oleic acid has a fairly wide application, not only in nutrition, but also in many industrial sectors. For example, it is added to detergents, used to make perfumes and cosmetics, as well as paints and varnishes.
In addition, this substance is used in factories for processing various alloys. Oleic acid is also used in pharmaceuticals: it is added to local wound healing agents. Among other things, this substance is a fairly common food additive (E570) used for preserving and frying foods.
How to get a?
What does oleic acid contain? First of all, in vegetable oils, for example, pistachio, sunflower, sesame, pumpkin, corn, olive and some others. Also, quite a large amount of the substance can be found in animal fats, especially in beef and pork. In addition, oleic acid is also found in the fat of some types of fish, such as cod.
By the way, during heat treatment, oleic acid loses some of its properties, so it is best to obtain it from oils, and certainly cold-pressed ones. And it is advisable to use them for making salads, and not for frying.
Benefit
The main beneficial properties of oleic acid:
- It helps control the level of bad cholesterol in the blood and also prevents its deposition on the walls of blood vessels. And this means that this substance can be called an excellent means of preventing atherosclerosis.
- The breakdown of oleic acid produces energy, which is necessary for the normal functioning of all body systems.
- This component helps reduce insulin resistance, that is, in fact, prevents the development of diabetes.
- Oleic acid takes an active part in the construction and restoration of cell membranes, that is, it not only protects tissues from damage, but also promotes their regeneration.
- This amazing substance protects the body from the effects of free radicals, which not only trigger and accelerate the processes of premature aging of all tissues, but can also provoke the degeneration of healthy cells and the development of cancer.
- Oleic acid helps strengthen vascular walls, lowers blood pressure, and also prevents the formation of blood clots, that is, it protects against a number of diseases of the cardiovascular system.
- This component is necessary to strengthen the immune system and protect the body from attacks by bacteria, viruses and fungi.
- Oleic acid has an anti-inflammatory effect and significantly accelerates the healing process in some diseases.
- This substance helps to increase the elasticity of the skin, as well as strengthen nails, hair and bone tissue.
- Oleic acid improves the transmission of nerve impulses and thereby normalizes the functioning of almost all organs and tissues.
- It is worth noting that the fats of this acid are absorbed much better than some others and are used for energy. And therefore, such a component can to some extent help control body weight or even reduce it.
Consumption rate
It is not worth taking additional oleic acid as a supplement, and it is quite difficult to find such supplements on sale. It is enough to simply include foods rich in this substance in your diet. Moreover, in order for it to be absorbed correctly and fully, you need to follow some rules. Thus, it is desirable that the share of plant products containing the corresponding fats should be approximately 30%.
And the share of animal fats should account for about 60-70%. In this case, the products will contain about 40% oleic acid out of the total volume of all fatty acids. This is how you can ensure the supply of the required amount of such an important and necessary component.
Be healthy! And oleic acid will help you with this.
In water
Oleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic acid) CH 3 (CH 2) 7 CH=CH (CH 2) 7 COOH - monounsaturated fatty acid. Belongs to the group of omega-9 unsaturated fatty acids.
Physical properties
Oily liquid, lighter than water, odorless, colorless, insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents.
Chemical properties
It is oxidized under harsh conditions with potassium permanganate with cleavage of the double bond, forming a mixture of azelaic and pelargonic acids; under mild conditions, when oxidized with permanganate, a mixture of stereoisomeric dihydroxystearic acids is formed. When exposed to ozone, oleic acid forms ozonide, which hydrolyzes to form pelargonaldehyde and azelaic acid semialdehyde. Hydrogenates to stearic acid.
Alkali metal salts of oleic acid are highly soluble in water and are used in the textile industry (oleic soap). The lead salt of oleic acid, unlike lead salts of saturated fatty acids, is soluble in ether; the method of isolating oleic acid from a mixture of acids obtained by saponification of natural fats is based on this difference in solubility.
The double bond in oleic acid has cis-configuration, isomerization into trance-isomer - elaidic acid - occurs under the influence of various catalysts (nitrogen dioxide, aliphatic nitriles). Isomerization of oleic acid under the influence of nitrous acid into higher melting point (melting point 44 °C) elaidic acid (elaidic test) is used to determine the type of vegetable oils: a mixture of acids obtained from non-drying oils containing predominantly oleic acid esters under the action of an acidic solution of sodium nitrite at room temperature it hardens into a dense mass; the mixture of acids obtained by saponification of non-drying oils containing significant amounts of polyunsaturated acids (linoleic and linolenic) remains liquid under the conditions of the elaidin test.
Being in nature
Contained in many animal fats in the form of esters - glycerides: beef fat (41-42%), pork fat (37-44%), cod fat (30%), and is also found in many vegetable oils: sasanqua oil (85- 89%), hazelnut oil (70-84%), camellia oil (80%), buriti (Mauritia Vinifera) oil (79%), papaya oil (79%), marula oil (70-78%), moringa oil (71%), almond oil (64-82%), olive oil(55.0-83.0%), acai oil (60%), cashew nut oil (60%), avocado oil (59-75%), apricot kernel oil (58-74%), peanut oil (66% ), peach kernel oil (55-75%), pistachio oil (51-54%), macadamia nut oil (50-67%), pecuya pulp oil (54%), andiroba (Carapa guianensis) oil (50.5% ), neem tree oil (50%), puteria oil (50%), argan oil (48%), pecuya kernel oil (46%), oat oil (46%), calodendrum capense oil (45%) , pongamia oil (44.5-71%), pecan oil (43-51%), cupuaçu butter (44%), mango butter (43%), avellan nut oil (42%), shea butter (40-45 %), sunflower oil(14.0-39.4%, high oleic 61.0-69.8%), mustard oil (22-30%), Brazil nut oil (38%), sal tree oil (37-43%), sesame oil (37-42%), pumpkin oil (35-47%), palm oil (35-45%), cocoa butter (34-36%), milk thistle oil (30%), corn oil (24-42%), Kokum oil (Garcinia indica) (30-42%), illip nut oil (Shorea stenoptera) (32-38%), rice oil (32-38%).
Application
Oleic acid and its esters are used to produce paints and varnishes as plasticizers. It is used in soap making, oleic acid and its salts are widely used as emulsifiers, in particular, in the composition of cutting fluids) when processing metals by cutting - honing, drawing, reaming, etc. It is also used as a stabilizer for magnetic fluids based on hydrocarbon carriers of ferromagnetic particles.
In the production of lubricants (for chemical fibers), flotation reagents, synthetic rubber, defoamers, wetting agents for dyeing with disperse dyes, plasticizers. Included in cosmetic products. Part of olein.
Researchers
- Albitsky, Alexey Andreevich “On some transformations of oleic and other related acids”, Kazan, 1898;
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Notes
Literature
- "Chemical Encyclopedic Dictionary" ed. Knunyants I. L., M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1983 p. 407
- Rabinovich V. A., Khavin Z. Ya. “A short chemical reference book” L.: Chemistry, 1977 p. 170
Links
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Excerpt characterizing Oleic acid
The north was very quiet and sad. Apparently, having observed human weakness and cruelty for so many centuries, and seeing how the strongest perished, his heart was poisoned with bitterness and disbelief in the imminent victory of Knowledge and Light... And I so wanted to shout to him that I still believe that people will wake up soon !.. Despite the anger and pain, despite the betrayal and weakness, I believe that the Earth will finally not be able to withstand what is being done to its children. And he would wake up... But I understood that I would not be able to convince him, since I myself would soon have to die, fighting for this same awakening.But I didn’t regret... My life was just a grain of sand in an endless sea of suffering. And I just had to fight to the end, no matter how terrible it was. Since even drops of water, constantly falling, are capable of someday breaking through the strongest stone. So is EVIL: if people crushed it even grain by grain, it would someday collapse, even if not during this lifetime. But they would return again to their Earth and see - it was THEY who helped her survive!.. It was THEY who helped her become Light and Faithful. I know that the North would say that man does not yet know how to live for the future... And I know that so far this has been true. But this is precisely what, in my understanding, stopped many from making their own decisions. Because people are too accustomed to thinking and acting “like everyone else,” without standing out or interfering, just to live in peace.
“I’m sorry I put you through so much pain, my friend.” – The voice of the North interrupted my thoughts. “But I think it will help you meet your destiny easier.” Will help you survive...
I didn’t want to think about it... At least a little more!.. After all, I still had plenty of time left for my sad fate. Therefore, in order to change the painful topic, I started asking questions again.
– Tell me, Sever, why did I see the sign of the royal “lily” on Magdalene and Radomir, and on many Magi? Does this mean that they were all Franks? Can you explain it to me?
“Let’s start with the fact that this is a misunderstanding of the sign itself,” Sever answered, smiling. “It was not a lily when it was brought to Frankia Meravingli.”
Trefoil - the battle sign of the Slavic-Aryans
– ?!.
“Didn’t you know that it was they who brought the “Threfoil” sign to Europe at that time?..,” Sever was sincerely surprised.
- No, I've never heard of it. And you surprised me again!
– The three-leaf clover once, a long time ago, was the battle sign of the Slavic-Aryans, Isidora. It was a magical herb that helped wonderfully in battle - it gave warriors incredible strength, it healed wounds and made it easier for those leaving for another life. This wonderful herb grew far in the North, and only magicians and sorcerers could get it. It was always given to warriors who went to defend their homeland. Going into battle, each warrior uttered the usual spell: “For Honor! For Conscience! For Faith! While also making a magical movement, he touched the left and right shoulders with two fingers and the middle of the forehead with the last. This is what the Three Leaf Tree truly meant.
And so the Meravingli brought it with them. Well, and then, after the death of the Meravingley dynasty, the new kings appropriated it, like everything else, declaring it a symbol of the royal house of France. And the ritual of movement (or baptism) was “borrowed” by the same Christian church, adding to it a fourth, lower part... the part of the devil. Unfortunately, history repeats itself, Isidora...
Yes, history really repeated itself... And it made me feel bitter and sad. Was anything real from all that we knew?.. Suddenly I felt as if hundreds of people I didn’t know were looking at me demandingly. I understood - these were those who KNEW... Those who died defending the truth... It was as if they bequeathed to me to convey the TRUTH to those who do not know. But I couldn't. I left... Just as they themselves once left.
Suddenly the door swung open with a noise and a smiling, joyful Anna burst into the room like a hurricane. My heart jumped high and then sank into the abyss... I couldn’t believe that I was seeing my sweet girl!.. And she, as if nothing had happened, smiled widely, as if everything was great with her, and as if she wasn’t hanging over ours. lives are a terrible disaster. - Mommy, honey, I almost found you! Oh, North!.. Have you come to help us?.. Tell me, you will help us, right? – Looking into his eyes, Anna asked confidently.
North just smiled at her tenderly and very sadly...
* * *
Explanation
After a painstaking and thorough thirteen-year (1964-1976) excavation of Montsegur and its environs, the French Group of Archaeological Research of Montsegur and the Environment (GRAME) announced in 1981 its final conclusion: No trace of ruins from the First Montsegur, abandoned by its owners in the 12th century, has been found. . Just as the ruins of the Second Fortress of Montsegur, built by its then owner, Raymond de Pereil, in 1210, have not been found.
(See: Groupe de Recherches Archeologiques de Montsegur et Environs (GRAME), Montsegur: 13 ans de rechreche archeologique, Lavelanet: 1981. pg. 76.: "Il ne reste aucune trace dan les ruines actuelles ni du premier chateau que etait a l" abandon au debut du XII siecle (Montsegur I), ni de celui que construisit Raimon de Pereilles vers 1210 (Montsegur II)...")
According to the testimony given to the Holy Inquisition on March 30, 1244 by the co-owner of Montsegur, arrested by Lord Raymond de Pereil, the fortified castle of Montsegur was “restored” in 1204 at the request of the Perfects - Raymond de Miropois and Raymond Blasco.
(According to a deposition given to the Inquisition on March 30, 1244 by the captured co-seigneur of Montsegur, Raymond de Pereille (b.1190-1244?), the fortress was "restored" in 1204 at the request of Cather perfecti Raymond de Mirepoix and Raymond Blasco.)
However, something still remains to remind us of the tragedy that unfolded on this small piece of mountain soaked through with human blood... Still firmly clinging to the foundation of Montsegur, the foundations of the disappeared village literally “hang” over the cliffs...
Anna looked at Sever enthusiastically, as if he was able to give us salvation... But little by little her gaze began to fade, because from the sad expression of his face she understood: no matter how much he wanted it, for some reason there would be no help.
“You want to help us, don’t you?” Well, tell me, you want to help, Sever?..
Anna took turns peering carefully into our eyes, as if wanting to make sure that we understood her correctly. Her pure and honest soul could not understand that someone could, but did not want to save us from a terrifying death...
“Forgive me, Anna... I can’t help you,” Sever said sadly.
- But why?!! Don’t you regret that we will die?.. Why, North?!..
- Because I DO NOT KNOW how to help you... I don’t know how to destroy Karaffa. I don't have the right "weapons" to get rid of him.
Oleic acid is a major component and has been found in many studies to be closely associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity and high blood pressure (hypertension). This acid can also improve mood, slow down the aging process and prevent cancer. Below are the many benefits of oleic acid and why large amounts of it may be harmful to your health.
The article is based on the findings of 53 scientific studies
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Institute Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Spain
- and other authors.
To view the research, use the links at the end of the article. (1)
What is oleic acid?
Oleic acid is an essential monounsaturated fatty acid. A large amount of this acid enters the body through food - various oils and fatty fish. Makes up approximately 92% of all cis-isomers of monounsaturated fats in our diet (if the diet is considered healthy). Oleic acid is also synthesized inside our body from saturated fatty acids and partly from carbohydrates.
Oleic acid is included in the class Omega-9 monounsaturated acids, which have only one double bond and are determined by the number of carbon atoms in the side chain. Oleic acid is sometimes abbreviated as C18:1. The most natural and beneficial monounsaturated fats are cis isomers in double bond orientation, while artificial fats are trans isomers and their intake through food is associated with increased health risks.
The study, covering 7 developed countries, is the first to link increased consumption of saturated fat and an increase in total cholesterol, as well as heart disease. Many modern dietary recommendations rely on the findings of this study and recommend paying attention to cholesterol levels as one of the strongest factors in increasing the risk of death from heart disease. (15) A similar conclusion was found in a study of 180 patients following high- and low-monounsaturated fat diets for 2 years. (16)
The protective effects of oleic acid against cardiovascular disease are largely associated with a decrease in total cholesterol, especially “bad” LDL cholesterol, in the blood. One of the representative studies was an 8-week experiment with 23 patients who had an increased risk of heart disease and were on a diet high in monounsaturated fats throughout the study. The conclusion of this work was to recommend a similar diet to protect heart health by reducing blood clotting and improving circulation.(17)
These findings are not surprising, since oleic acid affects insulin sensitivity, lowers blood pressure, reduces inflammatory markers and improves blood vessel function.
Oleic acid lowers blood pressure
A study of 23 patients with high blood pressure found that a diet high in monounsaturated fat was able to reduce blood pressure in all participants after 6 months. And 8 patients were able to stop taking blood pressure medications while following this diet.(18)
It is worth noting that this was associated with a simultaneous decrease in dietary saturated fat and an increase in nitric oxide levels from olive oil polyphenols.(19)
Another study involving rats showed encouraging results when animals diagnosed with arterial hypertension were able to reduce their blood pressure to normal levels after 7 days of eating olive oil. This effect was obtained through the influence of 2-hydroxyoleic acid (2-OHOA), a derivative of oleic acid. In this case, the decrease in pressure occurred depending on the dose of olive oil and, accordingly, 2-hydroxyoleic acid. The best effect was shown when taking 2-OHOA at a dose of 600 mg per kilogram of animal weight every 12 hours. (20)
It is known that the integration of oleic acid into cell membranes can change the activity of certain receptors on the membrane (in particular, G-coupled receptors, members of the adrenergic receptor family). (21) An increase in the number of receptors under the influence of olive oil led to a decrease in blood pressure. (22)
Recommended dosage of oleic acid to lower blood pressure:
- 2-4 tablespoons (EVOO) or 10-20 fresh olives per day (23)
- Olive Leaf Extract – 500 mg twice daily (24)
Oleic acid increases insulin sensitivity
When a group of adults (162 healthy people) switched to eating foods high in saturated fat (Western diet) for 3 months, there was a decrease, but this did not happen in the group of subjects who followed a diet with monounsaturated fats. (27)
In another study, 10 overweight people diagnosed with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were able to show improvements in their glycemic profile (blood glucose and insulin levels) when following a monounsaturated fat diet for 15 days.(28)
Other research has shown that in obese diabetic mice, when replacing saturated fat with oleic acid in their diet, there were improvements in health indicators (inflammation in the hypothalamus, insulin resistance, and body fat).(29)
Further evidence of the beneficial effects of oleic acid was demonstrated in 11 diabetic patients who followed 3 types of diets. They followed each diet for 28 days. One diet was high in monounsaturated fats, another was high in saturated fat, and the third was high in carbohydrates. Monounsaturated acid foods were most effective in reducing belly fat in these patients.(30)
Oleic acid prevents the development of obesity
According to the World Health Organization, a diet high in monounsaturated fats could be the best way to prevent obesity worldwide. (31) Eating this way for 28 days is known to reduce central obesity (abdominal and waist size), even in patients with diabetes. (32)
A study in which obese mice were directly injected with oleic acid into the hypothalamus resulted in decreased appetite and improvement in obesity-related symptoms.(33)
ROLE OF OLEIC ACID IN REDUCING INFLAMMATION Oleic acid helps improve immune system function and reduce inflammation
Oleic acid is part of cell membranes and can directly interact with immune cells - neutrophils, which are responsible for the timing and intensity of inflammation of body tissues.(34)
Part of the inflammatory response in the body requires neutrophils to generate reactive oxygen at the site of inflammation. This promotes healing. But in the presence of oleic acid, this reaction is enhanced, which contributes to a faster resolution of inflammation, including more active release cytokines IL-1b. (35, 36)
Neutrophils are also responsible for identifying microorganisms and organizing defenses against them. In the presence of oleic acid, there is a more active presence of phagocytic neutrophils and a more effective destruction of bacteria and microbes.(37)
Oleic acid may help treat rheumatoid arthritis
43 diagnosed patients received a fish oil supplement (high in omega-3) and olive oil (high in oleic acid). They were able to show improvements in joint mobility and pain reduction compared to other patients who took only fish oil or a soybean oil placebo.(39)
Oleic acid may reduce chronic pain
Oleic acid blocks a receptor (TRVP1) involved in pain sensitivity (pungence, heat and itch). This property indicates the natural involvement of oleic acid in the regulation of inflammation.(40)
Injections of oleic acid and albumin into the area of injury in mice were able to reduce pain and involuntary movements associated with paralysis after spinal injury. Albumin and oleic acid also promote the development of new dendritic nerve cells.(41)
Oleic acid is important for brain function
This acid is produced in the body during the repair of neurons (mature axons) and plays a role in the production of myelin.(42) A rare genetic disorder called adrenoleukodystrophy, which leads to the destruction of myelin, can be treated with a mixture of fatty acids, including oleic acid, to slow down course of the disease and reduce brain inflammation.(43)
Oleic acid improves mood
A small 3-week study (14-18 people per test group) showed how a diet high in oleic acid was able to help improve neural response (anger) and increase motivation-related physical activity (44).
Oleic acid reduces brain dysfunction during aging
Eating foods high in monounsaturated fats was able to reduce brain impairment in Italians over 65 years of age in a survey of more than 5,000 people. It is likely that the reduction in brain damage was due to the beneficial effects of oleic acid in maintaining the structural integrity of neurons.(45, 46)
Oleic acid slows down aging
Many studies have demonstrated that mice tended to have higher levels of oleic acid in their cell membranes than mice with shorter lifespans.(47)
Aging is often associated with oxidative stress in cell membranes and the occurrence of DNA damage by free radicals released during energy production. Rats that ate more olive oil and likely had more of this acid in their cell membranes showed less age-related oxidative stress because these acids are less susceptible to free radical damage.(48)
Oleic acid prevents cancer development
Due to the ability of oleic acid to reduce oxidative stress in cells and protect DNA from oxidative damage, the risk of developing cancer is reduced. (49) Two studies surveyed the eating habits of more than 5,000 women without and diagnosed with cancer. breast cancer. Those women whose diet contained more oleic acid showed a lower risk of developing breast cancer. (50, 51)
In a study on mice, patients lung cancer(adenocarcinoma), it was shown that nutrition with oleic acid led to an increase in survival time and an increase in the duration of the period without relapse. (52) However, when oleic acid alone was given to mice with salivary gland cancer, the tumor progressed dramatically due to the lack of other monounsaturated fats in the diet. (53)
Harmful health effects of oleic acid
High oleic acid levels are bad
Certain concentrations of omega-9 fats in red blood cells were associated with increased risks of death in the next 10 years in an analysis of more than 3,000 patients. This relationship was not linear, but in the form of a U-shaped curve. Which indicated an increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease with both low and high levels of Omega-9 fats. The optimal level was the content of oleic acid in cell membranes within 14% (13% was considered low, 15% was considered high).
Oleic acid may have a negative effect on fertility
In mice, increased intake of omega-9 fatty acids (including oleic acid) led to poor reproductive function, including a reduction in the number of puppies per litter. This is probably due to changes in the synthesis of steroid hormones during pregnancy.
In males, with increased consumption of oleic acid, a decrease in sperm motility was observed.
Oleic acid may not protect skin
Many skin care cosmetics contain oleic acid. But there is little scientific evidence to support the positive (ultraviolet) radiation, free radical scavenging benefits of oleic acid, either in supplement or topical form.
One should be careful when interpreting studies on oleic acid
Many studies on the effects of monounsaturated acids have used olive oil as a source of oleic acid. But this does not differentiate between Omega-9 fatty acids (oleic acid) and other monounsaturated fatty acids (Omega-3 or Omega-6). Other compounds present in olive oil may also have positive health effects. Determining which components contributed most to these positive effects was very difficult, especially when scientists learned about diets when interviewing subjects.
Men and women react differently to oleic acid
Often studies of large numbers of people do not differentiate between sexes, and many studies have relied on effects in men. But when the results of the experiments were evaluated separately in men and women, the effect of oleic acid on lowering cholesterol levels was less in women than men.
Drug interactions
Oleic acid interacts well with medications for high blood pressure or diabetes. Therefore, when taking these medications, the combination with oleic acid may cause a greater decrease in blood pressure or blood sugar levels.
When a breast cancer drug such as Paclitaxel is used together with oleic acid, the effect of chemotherapy against the tumor is enhanced.
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