Glossary of computer terms in English. Computer English Computer terms in English with translation

Hi all! An interesting thing: no matter how many words we learn in English, the most necessary ones are sometimes missing. There is a particularly acute shortage of everyday words, for example, everyday words computer English. Even those who have “finalized” the Intermediate level and can easily communicate in English on various topics will not always find the right words to describe simple manipulations on the computer. And this is not surprising! Ordinary textbooks most often do not particularly “bother” with this, since there are more fundamental questions, and it is also difficult to find them in many dictionaries, so you have to turn to specialized dictionaries for help computer English. And in such dictionaries, the most necessary words are lost in the abundance of specialized terms, so it is not so easy to find them. As a result, tired of watching the torment of my charges, I compiled a mini-lexicon of computer vocabulary, which included the most popular words on the topic Computer - Internet.

click the mouse, hovering the cursor over some place - to click on something

gain access to a system or program by identifying yourself using a password and username or log in, register - to log in

upload (a file or other information) from your computer to a public space such as the Internet or to another computer - to upload

download a file, that is, transfer it from the Internet or CD to your computer - to download a file

highlight text with a different color - to highlight

connect - to connect

to disconnect

freeze (for computer) - to freeze, to hang, to stop responding

restart the computer – to restart

go to the page - to navigate to the page

drag - to drag

scroll - to scroll

search on the Internet - to search on the Web or to surf on the Web

cursor

a folder on a computer, that is, a place to store and organize files or other folders - folder

attachment (the file that you send along with the email) - attachment

spam (that is, emails that you did not ask for, did not expect, and that you do not need) - spam or junk mail

password

access, appeal - access

video camera

bookmark

a message containing threats, curses or profanity – flame

font

bold - bold

italic - italic

virus

slash

hyphen

I hope that now computer English will no longer cause such difficulties.

10/100 - used to designate devices that support both 10 Mbit/s and 100 Mbit/s connections on the same port. Differ from 10-100 devices, which support only one type of connection on one port.

1000Base-LX is a specification used for Gigabit Ethernet networks. 1000Base-LX is part of the IEEE standard for 1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet networks using single-mode fiber optic cable.

1000Base-SX is a specification used for Gigabit Ethernet networks. 1000Base-SX is part of the IEEE standard for 1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet networks using multimode fiber optic cable.

1000Base-T is a technical specification that is used for Gigabit Ethernet networks. 1000Base-T is part of the IEEE standard for Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Mbps) networks using Category 5 copper cable. 1000Base-T has a connection length limitation (about 10 m).

100Base-FX is a specification used for Fast Ethernet networks. 100Base-FX is part of the IEEE standard for 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet networks using fiber optic cable.

10Base-FL is a specification used for Ethernet networks. 10Base-FL is part of the IEEE standard for 10 Mbps Ethernet networks using fiber optic cable. A network segment in 10Base-FL can be up to 2 km (1.24 miles).

10BaseT- Twisted-Pair Ethernet (Ethernet on twisted pair) - a cable made on unshielded twisted pair UTP 3-5 Category, topology - star, in the center of which there is a hub (Hub).

16-Bit Audio(16-bit audio) - level of measurement of the resolution of a digitized audio signal (the higher the resolution, the better the sound). 16-bit audio is the standard adopted for audio compact discs (CD-DA).

3DNow!- the name of the multimedia extension of the traditional instruction set (x86), used by AMD in its processors, starting with K6-2 in 1988. These are SIMD instructions that increase the efficiency of central processors when performing operations on vectors typical for processing graphic information.

56K- the term is used to describe devices used to operate at 56 Kbps, compliant with the ITU V.90 standard.

8-Bit Audio(8-bit audio) - the level of resolution of a digitized audio signal that corresponds to the sound quality of a regular AM radio.

A3D- technology for generating spatial sound and audio APl based on it, proposed by Aureal Semiconductor Inc. The listener's 3D audio environment is created by actually using only a pair of headphones or speakers.

ADC(Analogue-to-Digital Converter) - analog-to-digital converter (ADC) - a device that converts a continuous analog signal that comes from a physical sensor and corresponds to speed, temperature, intensity of sound, light, and other things, into a binary code for input into a computer - Each voltage value of the input analog signal corresponds to a certain value of the output digital code.

ADSL(Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) is a modem technology that turns standard analog telephone subscriber lines into high-speed access lines.

Advanced Mobile Phone System(MPS, Mobile Telephony System) is an analog mobile communications standard that is widely used in America, the Pacific region of Asia and Eastern Europe. Operating frequency band - 800 MHz.

Air interface(radio interface) - the interface between the mobile communication subscriber device and the base station.

ANSI(American National Standards Institute) is a non-governmental organization that creates and publishes standards for voluntary use in the United States.

ANSI 136 is a North American digital mobile communications standard, formerly known as Interim Standard 18-136 (IS-136), used in TDMA systems (formerly known as D-AMPS).

ANSI lumens- A standard for measuring luminous flux used to compare projectors. This is a unit that characterizes the average luminous flux on a 40" diagonal reference screen at the minimum focal length of the projector's zoom lens. Measurements are taken at nine points on the screen and then averaged.

Aperture- aperture, the diameter of the lens opening.

Arcnet- backbone or hierarchical topology network, speed - 2.5 Mbit/s, maximum number of nodes - 255, maximum length - 6600 m.

ASCII(American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is a standard developed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for representing symbolic information in a computer. ASCII characters contain 128 characters with codes from 0 to 127 and include numbers, punctuation, letters, and control codes such as end of line or page feed.

ASIC(Application Specific Integrated Circuit) - an integrated circuit designed to perform specific functions. Most video cards and modems use ASICs.

Aspect Ratio(screen aspect ratio) - characteristic of the video adapter standard. VGA, SVGA, XGA and UXGA have this ratio of 4:3, SXGA - 5:4, High Definition Television (HDTV) - 16:9 and so on

Asymmetric communications(asymmetric communication means) - means of two-way communication with significantly different volumes of traffic in different directions. For example, television on demand or satellite (DirectPC or NTV-).

Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line(ADSL) - a line that connects a telephone exchange with a subscriber at high speed. The term “asymmetrical” refers to different transmission speeds: from client to station (640 Kbps); from the station to the client (from 1.544 to 6.1 Mbit/s).

Asynchronous(asynchronous) - refers to unsynchronized events that are not coordinated in time. Most communications between computers and devices are asynchronous - they occur at random times at irregular intervals.

AT(Advanced Technology) - improved technology.

Attachment Unit Interface(AUI, plug-in interface) is a standard interface for Ethernet networks (IEEE 802.3) that allows you to connect a personal computer or Ethernet device to an Ethernet network.

ATX(AT extension) - extension of the AT format - a design of a personal computer case. It began to be widely used after the appearance of Pentium II processors.

Auto negotiation(auto-negotiation, also auto sensing, auto-detection) - a mode in which a port can operate at different speeds (for example, 10 and 100 Mbit/s) and has the ability to determine the speed of another port with which a connection exists. Both ports will automatically configure themselves to use the maximum speed. The priorities are as follows: 100 Base-TX - full duplex, 100 Base-TX - half duplex, 10Base-T - full duplex and 10Base-T - half duplex. Auto-negotiation is defined by the IEEE 802.3 standard for Ethernet and is completed in a few milliseconds.

Bandwidth(bandwidth) - the amount of information that can be transferred through a particular interface in a given period of time, for example, an SDRAM memory bus of 64 bits and 100 MHz has a bandwidth of 800 MB / s.

Basic Rate Interface(BRI) is one of two access methods for ISDN. High-speed PRI (Primary Rate Interface) is the second access method. BRI consists of two 64 Kbps B-channels and one D-channel per ISDN line.

Bearer Channel, В channel(B-channel) - in ISDN lines, the B-channel transmits at a speed of 64 Kbit/s.

BEDO DRAM(Burst EDO DRAM) - EDO DRAM with a group reading method.

Bit depth(also color depth) - color depth. The number of bits used to represent each pixel in an image, determined by the color or tonal range.

Bluetooth is an international initiative by Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia and Toshiba aimed at establishing a standard for wireless connectivity between mobile phones, personal computers, handheld computers and other peripheral devices. The use of short-distance (up to 10 m) channels in the free 2.45 GHz band used by scientific and medical devices is envisaged.

BPI(Bits Per Inch, bits per inch) - a measure of the density of information on a storage device.

Branch prediction(transition prediction) is one of the methods for increasing the performance of central processors. Typically, the compiler translates a branch statement (such as if-then-else) into blocks of machine code that appear sequentially in the stream. Modern processors try to predict the result of computing branch conditions and pre-execute the predicted block.

Bridge(bridge). Bridges allow you to combine two or more local networks (LAN) into one logical network. Bridges operate similarly to switches. Networks that are connected into a single network are often called network segments. Bridges can connect different types of LANs, such as Ethernet and East Ethernet or Ethernet and Token Ring.

Broadband(wide bandwidth) - classification of information capacity or bandwidth of a communication channel. Wide bandwidth typically refers to bandwidth greater than 2 Mbps.

Broadcast(broadcast) - transmission of a packet from one device to all network nodes.

Buffered Write Through- buffered write-through (to memory cache).

Bus(bus) - an interface for transmitting information via electrical signals from one microcircuit (device) to another. Most often mentioned in the context of communication between the processor and other system components. Various types of buses are known, including ISA, EISA, MCA, and PCI and VL local bus standards.

Byte- eight bits, considered as a whole and representing, for example, an ASCII code character.

Cable modem(cable modem) - a modem that is used to connect a computer to a cable television system offering on-line services.

Cache Level 1(L1) - first level cache (internal processor memory).

Cache Level 2(L2) - second level cache (external memory on the motherboard).

Cache Memory(cache memory) - memory necessary to ensure that the central processor is idle less due to the low speed of the main memory, located between the processor and main memory.

Candela(cd, candela, cd, candle) is the SI base unit for measuring luminous intensity (that is, the power emitted by a light source in a specific direction, weighted by wavelength according to the luminosity function, a standard model of the eye's receptivity. The unit was originally related to the luminous intensity of a candle, since a typical candle emits approximately 1 cd. A 100 W white-hot lamp emits about 120 cd.

Carrier-sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection(CSMA/CD, Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) is a protocol described in the Ethernet and Fast Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) standards. Here, devices begin data transmission only after detecting a currently free communication channel. When two devices start transmitting data at the same time, a collision occurs and the devices pause transmission for a random period of time.

CAS(Column Address Strobe) - signal for sampling the address column in DRAM.

Category 3 cabling(Category 3 cable) is one of the five types of twisted pair (TP) cable described by the EIA/TIA-586 standard. Category 3 voice is used on 10Base-T (Ethernet) networks to transmit data at 10 Mbps.

Category 5 cabling(Category 5 cable) - a type of twisted pair cable described by the EIA/TIA-586 standard. Category 5 cable is used in 100Base-T (Fast Ethernet) networks to transmit data at 100 Mbps.

CCD(Charge-Coupled Device, CCD, charge-coupled device) - a photodiode, a photosensitive element on microchips, used in image scanning devices to convert light into electrical charge.

CCIA(Computer and Communications Industry Association) is an association of computer and communications manufacturing companies, representing their interests in foreign and national trade, as well as developing relevant standards.

CCIR(Consultative Committee for International Radio communications) - Advisory Committee on International Radio Communications.

CD-R(CD-Recordable; CD-WORM, Write Once Read Many times; CD-WO, Write Once) - devices that write data to a CD. Gold plating recording technology differs from mass (stamping), which theoretically does not affect reading, however, some CD-ROM drives cannot read discs recorded over several sessions.

CD-ROM(Compact Disk Read Only Memory) - a device for reading compact discs (CD). A 5-inch diameter disk with a capacity of 640-700 MB has one spiral track. The access time is relatively long (for the best models - 80 ns), and is sensitive to vibrations during operation. Interfaces: SCSI, IDE (E-IDE, IDE ATAPI). Execution - internal and external (SCSI, LPT port).

CD-RW(CD Rewritable) - rewritable discs - optical discs that allow information to be recorded multiple times. Typically, it is possible to perform up to 1000 write cycles on a single disc.

Cell- cell, the basic geographical unit of a cellular communication system. The area covered by the network consists of interacting cells, each of which has a radio base station (transmitter/receiver), and a center. The size of a particular cell is determined by the terrain and the number of subscribers.

Chipset(chipset) - a set of functional devices located on the system board.

CISC(Complex Instruction Set Computer) - an architecture characterized by a large set of multi-format instructions using numerous addressing methods. This is a classic processor architecture that began its development in the 1940s with the advent of the first computers. A typical example of CISC processors are the Pentium family of microprocessors. They execute more than 200 instructions of varying complexity, which range in size from 1 to 15 bytes and provide more than 10 different addressing methods.

Class A/B Certification(Class A/B certification) - FCC (Federal Certification Commission) certification related to power limits imposed on digital devices.

Client/server(client server) - a network architecture in which all devices are either clients or servers. The client (front end) is the requesting machine (usually personal computers), the server (back end) is the machine that responds to the request. Both terms (client and server) can be applied to both physical devices and software.

CMOS RAM(Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Memory) - CMOS memory.

CMYK(Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-Black - cyan, magenta, yellow, black) - the main colors in the printing process. CMY - primary colors of subtractive synthesis.

Coaxial cable(coaxial cable) - high performance network cable. Coaxial cable (or coax) consists of a central copper cable and a cylindrical copper conductive layer, with a plastic insulator sandwiched between them. Coaxial cable is used for both broadband (television) and monoband (Ethernet) transmission.

Code Division Multiple Access(CDMA, Code Division Multiple Access) is a multi-access technology for CDMA One, CDMA 2000 and WCDMA radio interfaces.

Collision(collision) - an attempt by two network devices to simultaneously transmit data packets to an Ethernet or Fast Ethernet network. These are common situations that occur during normal operation of an Ethernet or Fast Ethernet network, but a sudden increase in collisions may indicate a problem with a network device, especially if it is not associated with an overall increase in network traffic. On coaxial network segments, increased collisions may indicate improper cable installation.

COM Port- a connector and associated electrical circuits that allow serial devices (such as a modem) to be connected to a computer. The communications port is also called a serial port and is designated in operating systems by names starting with com (for example, com1 or com2).

Controller(controller) - a specialized processor for controlling exchange with external devices.

C.P.S.(Characters Per Second) - printer speed (characters per second, cns).

CPU(Central Processing Unit) - central processor.

CRC(Cyclical Redundancy Check) - a cyclic checksum is a mathematical method that allows you to detect an error in a long block of data with high accuracy.

D channel(D-channel) - a signaling channel for ISDN lines, used to transmit messages between the ISDN modem and the switch. Transmission over the D-channel is carried out at a speed of 16 or 64 Kbps.

DAC(Digital-to-Analogue Converter) - digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) - a device (usually on a single chip) that converts digital data into an analog signal. Typically found in graphics cards, video cards, modems, and more.

DAT(Digital Audio Tare) - digital audio tape.

Daughter Board(daughter board) - a printed circuit board that connects to another board (usually the system, backplane, “mother”) and which is similar to an expansion board, but contains components specific to the system board (central processing units, random access memory devices, etc.).

DD(Double Density) - double recording density (on floppy disks).

DDR SDRAM(Double Data Rate SDRAM) - SDRAM with double the data exchange rate is a type of memory. As the name suggests, the bandwidth of DDR SDRAM is 2 times higher than usual. This type of memory is also sometimes called SDRAM II.

Dichroic mirror- dichroic (or dichroic) mirror, a special type of interference filter that reflects a certain part of the spectrum and transmits the rest. Used in scanners to separate the light flux into RGB colors.

Digital Subscriber Line(DSL, Digital Subscriber Interface) is a technology that provides high bandwidth over simple copper telephone wires that can be used in small offices and home offices (SOHOs).

DIMM(Dual In-line Memory Module) - double-sided memory module - memory module design, has 84 pins on each side. The actual memory located on the module can be either FPM or EDO, or SDRAM. Memory in DIMMs is 64 bits wide (with 72 parity) and can be used individually rather than in pairs like regular SIMMs.

DIN Connector- European (more precisely, German) connector standard, used mainly for connecting audio recording and playback devices. DIN connectors are used to connect a keyboard, PS/2 mouse, and more to a computer.

Direct-mapped cache- direct mapping cache.

Directory(directory, directory, folder, directory) - a logical area on a disk for placing data in accordance with the content and structure of the file.

Dolby Digital is a digital audio coding system proposed (1995) by Dolby Laboratories for use in motion pictures and home theaters. Uses Dolby AC-3 (Audio Coding-Z) encoding and compression technology. Supports 6 audio channels (denoted as 5.1) - front (left, center, right), rear (left, right) and low frequency channel (subwoofer).

Double-Sided- double-sided (about floppy disks).

DPI(Dots Per Inch) - the resolution of display and printing devices, also referred to as dots per inch.

DRAM(Dinamic Random Access Memory) - dynamic direct access memory - memory, circuitry designed in the form of a two-dimensional matrix (rows x columns) of capacitors. Very cheap, but requires constant regeneration (refresh) of the charge on the capacitors. Regeneration is performed as a "empty" memory read. This process takes a significant amount of time, since during this period no device can access the memory except the regeneration controller.

Drive Bay(device niche) - refers to the space in which the data storage device is installed. Typically this is a hole in the PC case with a width of 5.25" and a height of 1". The number of niches determines how many devices can be installed on a PC. Another common size is 3.5".

Driver(driver) is a software component that allows you to interact with computer devices, such as a network card (NIC), keyboard, printer, or monitor.

DTR(Data Transfer Rate) - data transfer rate, usually indicated in KBps (Kbytes/s) or MBps (MB/s), sometimes in MB/min (MB/min). Most often characterizes the maximum (peak) throughput.

DVD(Digital Versatile Disk) - digital universal disk - a modern standard for storing information on an optical (laser) disk. It differs from a regular CD-ROM with a capacity increased almost 30 times (up to 17 GB).

DVD ROM- read-only disk; can only be read on a DVD drive. DVD Video is designed for recording video films and can be played both in DVD drives on computers and in DVD players.

Dye sublimation(sublimation printing) is a printing method in which small heating elements evaporate pigment from a special film, transferring it to the printed material.

Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation(DBA, dynamic bandwidth allocation) - a method of automatically redistributing bandwidth (for example, B-channel). DBA allows you to send or receive a voice call when Multilink PPP is active.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol(DHCP, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) - Windows 95/98/NT operating systems include software that assigns IP addresses to workstations on a network. This assignment is performed by a DHCP server running on Windows NT Server. Windows 95/98 will contact the server to obtain the address. Windows 98 will allocate an address on its own if a DHCP server is not found.

dynamic range(dynamic range) - for images, the range of tonal values ​​from lightest to darkest that can be contained in a file.

EAH(Environmental Audio Extensions) - audio standards for software and hardware developers, proposed by Creative Labs and first implemented in the SoundBlaster audio card. The EAX specifications are widely used to implement surround sound and manipulate sound effects.

ESS(Error Control Correction) - memory functioning control mode with error recovery. Used in some motherboards with corresponding chipsets for computers that are particularly critical to the reliability of their operation. These are mainly servers and powerful graphics stations with large amounts of memory. To do this, memory sticks with true parity must be installed. In this mode, it is possible to correct only single errors, that is, an error in one bit out of 64 that the processor reads.

ED(Extra High Density) - ultra-high recording density (on floppy disks).

EDGE(Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution, or Enhanced GPRS - EGPRS) - “improved transmission speed for GSM development” (improved GPRS). Advanced RF modulation technology for GSM and TDMA networks, ANSI 136. Digital mobile telephony technology that improves data transfer speed and communication reliability. First appearing in 2003 in North America, it is widely used in global GSM networks. In combination with GPRS technology, this technology allows you to increase bandwidth up to 384 Kbps per subscriber.

EDO DRAM(Extended Data Output DRAM, DRAM with reduced data access time) - memory that does not provide any advantages over FPM DRAM when writing data, but requires significantly less time when reading due to the fact that the data is held at the output of the EDO DRAM chip longer than FPM DRAM.

EFM(Eight to Fourteen Modulation) is a method used in CD for modulation and error correction.

E-GPRS- improved GPRS service; one of the terms for EDGE technology.

E.L.A.(Electronic Industries Association) is an association of manufacturers representing high-tech manufacturing in the United States, founded in 1924 as the Radio Manufacturers Association. EIA, in particular, has developed serial device standards such as RS-232, RS-422 and RS-423.

EIDE controller(Enhanced IDE) - improved EIDE controller.

EISA(Extended Industry Standard Architecture) - A bus device that allows the use of 32-bit adapters and allows some automatic device recognition and configuration.

Electromagnetic compatibility(EMC, electromagnetic compatibility) - the ability of a device to operate effectively in certain conditions without reacting to influence from other devices and without affecting their operation, that is, without creating electromagnetic interference.

Electronic Industries Association(EIA, Electronics Industry Association) is a trade organization that, together with TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association), sets standards for electronic products. EIA and TIA define communication standards such as EIA/TIA-232.

FDD(Floppy Disc Drive) - a drive on flexible magnetic disks.

FDDI(Fiber Distributed Data Interface) is a standardized ANSI X3T9.5 specification for a network architecture for high-speed data transmission mainly over fiber optic lines. Transfer speed - 100 Mbit/s. The topology is either ring (dual) or hybrid (inclusion of star or tree subnets into the main network through a hub). The access method is marker-based with the ability to simultaneously circulate multiple frames in the ring. The maximum number of stations is 1000, the distance between stations is up to 2 km with multimode and up to 45 km with single-mode cable. FDD1 is typically used in backbone connections, providing connectivity between Ethernet and Token Ring networks, in applications requiring high reliability, such as airport information systems.

Feature Connector- connector for connecting daughter boards.

Federal Communications Commission(FCC, Federal Communications Commission) is a permanent telecommunications commission in the United States that licenses and controls standards for electronic and electromagnetic data transmission. The FCC defines bandwidth ranges for various communication channels.

FH(Full Height) - one of the form factor parameters.

Fiber-optic cable(fiber optic cable) - a cable containing one or more optical fibers for data transmission by modulating light radiation. Fiber optic cable is more expensive than copper cable, but is more resistant to electromagnetic interference and can transmit data over long distances at higher speeds.

Finalization(finalization, "closing the disc") - writes the final lead-in and lead-out markers for the entire disc. The final volume table of contents (TOC) must conform to ISO 9660 specifications.

Fixation(session commit) - the process of closing a session, writing lead-in and lead-out markers to disk and creating a table of contents (TOS). The CD-ROM or CD Audio player must be able to play the disc. If the disk is fixed “with continuation” (fixed for append), then the next recording session can be performed, accompanied by the creation of its own lead-in and lead-out.

Flash Memory- Flash memory that stores information when the power is turned off.

Flatbed scanner- flatbed or flatbed scanner. A scanner in which originals are placed on a transparent glass plate.

Flops(FLoating point operation per second) - performance in the number of floating point operations performed per second. Derived units - Mflops (10 6 op./s), Gflops (10 9 op./s), Tflops (10 12 op./s). Transliterations are also used: flops, Mflops, Gflops, Tflops.

Form Factor(form factor) - standardized overall dimensions (horizontal, vertical) and shape of a peripheral device placed in the case of a personal computer (HDD, HDD, CD/DVD, etc.) In relation to the HDD device, for example, the form factor corresponds to the diameter of the magnetic plates disk (specifically 3.5" or 5.25").

Format(formatting, markup, initialization) - the process of preparing the data storage environment for its subsequent placement. This usually destroys all previously recorded data.

FPM(Fast Page Mode) - fast page method (type of DRAM memory).

FPU(Floating Point Unit) - a device/block for performing floating point arithmetic operations.

Frame(frame) - a set of bits that make up a simple block of data. Typically the frame contains supporting information including the address of the device to which it is to be delivered. Frames can be of the following types - unicast (intended for one device); multicast (intended for a group of devices); broadcast (intended for all devices).

Frame Grabbing- digitization and saving of a separate frame.

Frame relay- a high-speed packet switching protocol used in wide area networks, often to create a connection between two LANs located at a considerable distance from each other. This protocol is useful for transmitting data and static images, but because it uses variable length packets, it is not efficient enough for transmitting audio or video data. Frame relay is more common in the US than in Europe.

FTPI Flux Transactions Per Inch - A measure of the linear surface density of a magnetic recording, 10,000 ftpi is approximately equal to 8000 bpi (bits per inch).

Full duplex(full duplex) - the ability of a device or communication line to transmit data simultaneously in both directions over a single communication channel, potentially doubling the throughput.

Fully associative cache- fully associative cache memory.

g(“same”) - acceleration of free fall at the level of the Earth’s surface (981 cm/s 2). Corresponds to a single value of gravity, so sometimes g (not entirely accurately, but more colorfully) is called “gravity acceleration.”

Gateway(gateway) - a device that connects networks with different, incompatible network protocols. The gateway performs protocol translation to transfer data from one protocol to another (for example, from TCP/IP to IPX).

G.B.(GigaByte) - gigabyte is a unit of measurement containing 1000 MB. As an alternative, the IEC proposed GiB (GibiByte) in 1998; 1 GiB=1024 MiB (MibiByte).

GBps(GigaBytes per second) - gigabytes per second, information transfer speed.

GPRS(General Packet Radio Service, general packet data transmission service over a radio channel) - an improvement to the GSM core network that allows packet data transmission. The technology uses the available radio spectrum very efficiently, resulting in more bandwidth available to subscribers compared to standard connections. This technology can also be applied to TDMA networks (ANSI 136).

Graphics pad(data tablet, digitizing pad, digitizer - graphics tablet, digitizer, digitizer) - a device designed for point-by-point input of contour images (vector graphics). It is a sensitive surface that converts the position of the pointer into digital form.

Grayscale(GS, grayscale, grayscale, grayscale) - a halftone image containing only a smooth transition from black through gray to white.

GSM(Global System for Mobile communications, global system for mobile communications). It originally emerged as a pan-European digital cellular telephone network standard to support transnational roaming. Today GSM is the main standard for digital mobile communications, using the air interface of TDMA technology. Ranges - 900.1800 and 1900 MHz.

GUI(Graphical User Interface, graphical user interface) - a visual interface that represents commands, files and other actions (objects) using shortcuts, symbols and dialog boxes. WEB interface also refers to GUI.

Half duplex(half duplex transmission). The term is used to describe the transmission of data in a communication channel, which occurs in two directions, but at a time the data can only be transmitted in one direction. Hubs operate only in half-duplex mode, unlike switches, which can transmit in both full-duplex and half-duplex modes.

Hayes- a system of commands for exchanging data between modems, named after the company that developed it.

HD(High Density) - high recording density (on floppy disks).

HD CD(High Density CD) - high density CD.

HDD(Hard Disc Drive) - hard disk drive (hard drive).

HDTV(High Definition Television, HDTV, high definition television). The term applies to systems that meet the following parameters: vertical resolution of at least 750p or 1125i (p - progressive scanning, i - interlaced scanning), raster size 1920 x 1080, aspect ratio 16: 9, recording and playback (or output) Dolby Digital.

High dynamic range(HDR, high dynamic range). Used in the modernized standard for TIFF files proposed by Leaf Systems. For each of the primary RGB colors, 16 bits are allocated, that is, the total bit depth is 48 bits. This provides 65,536 shades per color, allowing users to capture image detail that would normally be lost when scanning for each primary color at 8-bit.

High Sierra Format(HSF, from HSG - High Sierra Group) is the de facto standard for accessing data on a CD from DOS, UNIX and other operating systems. The initial track contains information about the organization of the disk - VTOC - Volume Table Of Contents.

H.L.S.(color-brightness-saturation) - one of the color models. Color specifies the angle, and saturation specifies the distance from the center of the color wheel (color gamut). In physical terms, color is the wavelength, saturation is the purity of a color's hue, and value is its brightness.

Horizontal scan frequency(horizontal frequency) - the number of video display lines that update their image in one second. For example, a display with a resolution of 200 lines refreshed 60 times per second has a horizontal scan frequency of 12 kHz.

HSV(Hue-Saturation-Value, also - hue-saturation-brightness - HSB, hue-saturation-intensity - HSI) - color-saturation-value. One of the color models in which color specifies the angle and saturation specifies the distance from the center of the color wheel (color gamut). From a physical point of view, color is wavelength, saturation is the purity of a color hue, value is brightness.

Hub(hub, concentrator, splitter). It is a mandatory (except for point-to-point network) connecting element of the network and a means of expanding topological, functional and speed capabilities for any transmission media.

Hue(color hue) - a characteristic of a color that distinguishes it from other colors. Defines the color wavelength used to describe color quality. For example, coral and red have different shades.

Huffman encoding(also Huffman Coding) is a data compression method in which frequently occurring characters are encoded more efficiently and take up less space than data that occurs less frequently. It is a lossless compression technology (as opposed to JPEG compression, which loses some data depending on the compression ratio). Huffman code minimizes the average number of bits to represent a given stream of text characters.

Hz- Hz (hertz) - a measure of frequency in cycles per second (1/s).

I/O(Input/Output, input-output). Refers to the transfer of data from an input device (keyboard, mouse, scanner, etc.) to output devices (screen, printer, etc.).

I/O Address(input/output address) - a memory area allocated for the buffer of a specific device (disk drive, sound card, printer port, etc.). Two different devices cannot share the same address.

IBM PC- IBM was one of the founders of the personal computer industry, releasing the IBM PC in 1981. Then PC XT, AT and others were developed

ICC(International Color Consorcium) is an association that includes all the leading companies on the development of standards for color management systems.

ICOMP(Intel Comparative Microprocessor Performance) - a test for calculating the performance of microprocessors.

IDE controller(Integrated Drive Electronics) - integrated drive electronics.

IEC(International Electrotechnical Commission) is an international organization for standardization in the field of electrical engineering. In particular, in 1998, the IEC made an attempt to eliminate the discrepancies in the interpretation of 1 MB as 1000 bytes (decimal megabyte) and 1024 bytes (binary megabyte), proposing the designations 1 MegaByte and 1 MibiByte, respectively. Similarly, 1 KibiByte=1024 bytes, 1 GibiByte=1024 MibiByte and 1 TibiByte=1024 GibiByte were defined.

IEEE(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) is a public organization that brings together specialists, scientists, students and other persons interested in electronics and related fields. She is best known as the developer and popularizer of standards in computing and communications, for example IEEE 802 - a standard for local networks.

Illuminance(illuminance) - the ratio of the light flux incident on the surface to its area. Units are lux (lux, SI system) and phot. 1 lux = 1 lm/m 2 (lumens per square meter), 1 phot = 10 4 lux.

Image resolution(resolution, image resolution) - resolution characterizing the degree of detail of the image. Measured in pixels per inch (ppi).

Impact- impact (printer).

IMT-2000(International Mobile Telecommunications 2000). This initiative is developing service standards for providing radio access to the global telecommunications infrastructure through satellite and terrestrial systems, which are designed to serve users of fixed and mobile systems in private networks and public networks (third generation communications services). Another name is Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunication Systems - FPLMTS (future public land mobile communication systems for general purpose).

Ink- paint, ink, dye. 1. Printing ink used in printing. 2. The selected color used to paint or draw in computer graphics programs.

Ink cartridge(ink cartridge) - a cartridge with coloring ink used in inkjet printing devices.

Ink powder(also - developer powder, toner, toner powder) - toner. Dry powder ink used for printing in laser printers, copiers, etc. Typically, the toner is applied to paper or film under the influence of an electromagnetic field, and then baked at high temperature.

Inkjet printer(also - bubble-jet printer, piezo ink-jet printer) - an inkjet printer that uses the technology of spraying ionized ink onto paper from micronozzles to produce an image. Ink spraying is controlled either using bubble technology, when a drop of ink is heated by a thin-film thermistor, or using the piezoelectric effect, based on the deformation of a piezocrystal under the influence of an electric field. Allows you to get fairly cheap copies of good quality. There are color (using three or four colors, including CMYK) and monochrome inkjet printers.

Integer- a type of numbers represented in computer memory in a format with a fixed point/point (integer, fixed). The number takes up a machine word. Options are double length numbers (two machine words) - double fixed, long fixed and half (0.5 words) - short fixed.

Integrated Services Digital Network(ISDN) is an international telecommunications standard for transmitting audio, video and other data over digital lines at a speed of 64 Kbps.

Intelligent Network, IN (intelligent network) - a network that, within the framework of a public telecommunications network, allows you to quickly develop and implement on any scale the provision of new services such as search dialing, call transfer to another number, number blocking, intelligent roaming zonal search as at a local experimental level , and at the network level. Such a network requires the presence of a suitable network infrastructure.

Intensity level(brightness level) - a quantitative value characterizing the intensity of radiation of a given light source.

Interleaving- interleaving (alternation, overlap, interlace scanning - standard for displaying images on the screen, PAL system).

International Telecommunications Union(ITU, International Telecommunication Union) is an organization that coordinates the use of global telecommunications networks and interfaces by government and private organizations.

Twisted pair(TP, twisted pair) - two thin copper wires twisted into a spiral to minimize interference from other cables. There are two main types of twisted pair - shielded twisted pair (Shielded TP - STP) and unshielded twisted pair (Unshielded TP - UTP). Unshielded twisted pair is more popular because it is thinner and takes up less space, while the advantage of shielded twisted pair is its protection from electromagnetic interference.

UMA(Unified Memory Architecture, unified memory architecture). Used in inexpensive video cards, usually integrated into motherboards. The operating principle is based on the video card using regular computer memory as screen memory and, accordingly, reducing the cost of the computer.

UMTS(Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, sometimes written as UTMS) - a universal mobile telecommunications system. One of the “third (3G) generation” mobile telephony technologies using the W-CDMA method. To distinguish UMTS from other competing cellular technologies, it is usually referred to as 3GSM, symbolizing the combination of features of 3G and the predecessor GSM standard.

Under color removal(UCR, color subtraction from black) - a technology for reducing the amount of subtractive synthesis color inks (CMYK) in the shadows and neutral areas of the image by replacing them with an appropriate amount of black ink.

Universal Mobile Telecommunication System(UMTS, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) - delivery of third generation services, developed under the auspices of the ETSI Institute.

Universal Serial Bus, USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a high-speed external interface that allows you to connect peripheral devices such as a printer, scanner, mouse or digital camera to a personal computer.

Universal Wireless Communication Consortium(UWC, World Wireless Consortium). Industry body representing the interests of suppliers, operators and subscribers of AMPS and TDMA (ANSI 136) mobile communication networks.

Unshielded Twisted Pair(UTP, unshielded twisted pair) - a cable consisting of one or more pairs of wires enclosed in a plastic sheath. UTP cable is widely used because it is very flexible and takes up much less space than STP and other types of cables.

USB Network Interface(USB network interface). Provides a connection between the USB port of a personal computer and an Ethernet network. Performs the same function as a standard Network Interface Card (NIC), without opening the personal computer and installing the card.

UV-EPROM(Ultra Violet Erasable PROM) - reprogrammable memory erasable by ultraviolet radiation.

V. 34- ITU standard, providing data transmission at speeds up to 28 bit/s.

V. 34+- modification V. 34, providing data transmission at speeds up to 33.6 bit/s.

V.90- ITU standard, providing data transmission via modem at speeds up to 56 Kbps through standard public switched telephone networks.

Vector graphics(also - object-oriented graphics) - vector graphics, where the image is represented as a collection of straight line segments, and not by calculating each point (pixel), as is done in raster graphics. A vector image can be easily scaled without losing detail.

VESA(Video Electronics Standards Association) is an international non-profit organization created in 1989 to create and maintain interface standards used in personal computers, workstations and other computing devices. An example is VESA Local Bus (VL-Bus), a 32-bit local bus standard compatible with ISA and EISA cards, introduced in 1992 and widely used before the advent of PCI.

VGA(Video Graphics Array) - video graphics array (standard name).

Video CD- high-quality digital video recording in MPEG format, can be played on a computer with a software or hardware MPEG decoder.

Video RAM- RAM of the video adapter (two-input).

VLIW(Very Large Instruction Word) - an architecture that uses very long instructions (up to 128 bits or more), individual fields of which contain codes that ensure the execution of various operations in parallel in several actuators included in the microprocessor structure. When translating programs written in a high-level language, the corresponding compiler generates “long” VLIW instructions, each of which causes the processor to implement an entire procedure or group of operations.

Volume- a volume, or logical storage medium, containing many files. In the case of a hard drive, the volume is usually placed on a disk partition, formatted to support a file system (FAT or NTFS) and assigned an identifier (letter - C:, D:, and so on). Typically, multiple logical volumes are placed on one physical disk, but a volume can span multiple disks. According to the ISO 9660 standard, a "volume" is a single CD-ROM disk.

VTOC(Volume Table of Contents) - tables of volume contents (system part of the CD ROM).

WAV(Waveform Audio) is a natural form of digital audio signal used in Windows. WAV files are designated by the wav extension and support audio recording in a wide range of sound quality (time quantization at a frequency of 11,025.22,050 or 44,100 Hz Hz and 8- or 16-bit amplitude quantization). The highest quality (16-bit and 44,100 Hz) requires a memory consumption of 88 KB/s.

Wavetable-memory - ROM for storing samples of sound signals (in sound cards).

W-CDMA(Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) - wideband multiple access with code division. One of the “third generation” (3G) cellular communication methods. W-CDMA is a high-speed data transfer protocol used in the Japanese FOMA system and third generation UMTS systems intended to replace the “second generation” (2G) GSM networks. W-CDMA is a broadband mobile interface that uses Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), providing higher speeds and coverage to more subscribers than the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) method common to GSM networks. The technology is optimized for providing high-speed multimedia services such as video, access and video conferencing.

While balance(white balance) - the relative saturation of red, blue and green in a light source. White balance control allows you to compensate for deviations in the spectrum of a light source from the standard.

Wide Area Network(WAN) - global network.

Wideband- bandwidth, the width of which ranges from 64 Kbit/s to 2 Mbit/s. Classification of information capacity or frequency bandwidth of a communication channel.

Wire speed(physical connection speed) - the maximum possible connection speed. For Ethernet and Fast Ethernet connections, this value is usually defined as the maximum number of packets that can be transmitted over a given connection. The typical physical connection speed for Ethernet is 14,880 packets per second, and for Fast Ethernet it is 148,809 packets per second.

Wireless Access Protocol(WAP) - wireless application access protocol. A global open standard for online access to services from mobile phones.

World Wide Web, WWW (“World Wide Web”) is a service on , which allows you to easily access information on servers located around the world.

WORM(Write Once Read Many) - memory with one-time recording and multiple reading (on CDs).

WRAM(Window RAM) - two-input window RAM (used in video systems).

Write Back- writeback - the term is used when describing cache memory devices. If the writeback mode is set, then if the data in the cache memory changes, the processor changes it only in the cache, but not in the main memory. Only when replacing one area of ​​data in the cache with another does the processor save the data from the cache memory to main memory. In reality, this means that data is cached for writing and reading, and this is the mode that is now used in the vast majority of computers.

Write Combining- combined write - the term is used when describing cache memory devices and means the accumulation of written information in a memory cache with the subsequent “firing” of the finished data packet onto the bus. This mode allows you to speed up the recording of information, for example, into the memory of a video card.

Write Through- write-through - the term is used to describe cache memory devices. If the write-through mode is set, then if the data in the cache memory changes, the processor simultaneously changes it both in the cache and in the main memory. In reality, this means that data is read-only cached, so this caching method is used deliberately in rare cases when necessary.

WT Music Synthesizer- synthesizers with table synthesis (Wave Table), which store in their permanent memory samples (wave tables - digital sequences of samples) of signals from real “live” instruments for several notes in the range for each instrument. As a rule, the minimum table size is 1 MB. On many sound cards, it is possible to install additional memory for loadable tables that can be created by the user. The quality of wave synthesis is high, but at a higher price.

WYSIWYG(What You See Is What You Get - what you see is what you get) - a screen image that exactly (or very closely) corresponds to the printed output.

x86-64- 64-bit microprocessor architecture and the corresponding command set (a superset of Intel x86 commands, which are also supported here). Introduced by AMD in AMD K8 processors and then renamed AMD64. This is the first time that a company other than Intel has proposed significant additions to the IA-32. Intel was forced to “catch up” by urgently introducing new processors from the NetBurst family (initially called “IA-32e”). The x86-64 system was later adopted by Intel under the names EM64T, IA-32e or Intel 64 (almost an exact copy of AMD64). Both extensions (AMD and Intel) are backward compatible with 32-bit code without loss of efficiency. For example, the Developer Guides released by Intel for the IA-32 architecture also apply to the IA-32e. The names "x86-64" or "x64" are sometimes used as neutral names to generally refer to these two nearly identical (AMD and Intel) implementations.

x87- expansion of the instruction set (x86) of Intel processors by introducing “mathematical” (for example, floating point) operations. Initially appear as coprocessor commands whose name ends in "x87". Like other extensions to the x86 base set, they are not required for the normal functioning of the processor, but they are hardware for mathematical calculations and significantly increase performance, since problems are solved with fewer instructions. In particular, x87 contains commands for calculating sine (sin) and cosine (cos).

xDSL- a number of technologies whose operating principle is similar to ADSL, some of which are intended for end users, others for transit transmission of high-speed streams. Includes: High Data-Rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL), provides transmission speeds of 1.536 or 2.048 Mbps in both directions. The length of the line can reach 3.7 km.

YCbCr- a carrier signal that is contained in the color band of the signal used in transmission in modern television. The name comes from the Y (brightness) and CbCr (color) signals.

YpbPr- a carrier signal that is contained in the color band of a signal used in transmission in high-definition television (HDTV). The name comes from the Y (brightness) and PbPr (color difference) signals.

Zone bit recording- zone-sector recording (on hard drives).

TDMA(Time Division Multiple Access, multiple access with time division of channels, ANSI 136) - a technology used in modern radio interfaces. The term TDMA is adopted to replace the term Digital AMPS (D-AMPS), called ANSI 136 and used in South and North America, Asia Pacific, Russia and other regions. TDMA services can be provided in the frequency bands 800-1900 MHz.

A computer resembles an orchestra; the correct operation of the entire machine depends on the coordinated interaction of its components. In order to play your favorite game on a computer, many elements of the machine must clearly perform their functions. The monitor shows us the image, the keyboard and mouse help control the heroes of computer games. But all the most interesting and mysterious things happen in the system unit.

Perhaps this is what you will learn about how a computer works

• 1

  Secrets of the system unit

• 4

  Crossword puzzle on the topic “Structure of a modern computer”

• 5

  Stories in English on the topic “The structure of a modern computer”

• 6

  Cards for testing acquired knowledge in the lesson

Secrets of the system unit

The system unit is a box (case) that contains modules without which the computer will not turn on. To see what's inside, we'll open the case and look inside.

There are the following system elements:

We know that in order to live, a person must eat food. A car needs gasoline to run, and a computer needs electricity. The power supply supplies the electronic machine with energy. It is necessary to convert energy from the electrical network to the required values, making it “edible” for computer nodes.

A hard drive or HDD is a keeper of important and interesting information that is stored on it for a long time: photos, favorite cartoons, games. It has several more unofficial names: hard drive, screw, hard disk. They began to call it Winchester in honor of the “Winchester” gun, the caliber of which coincided with the marking of the first released model “30x30”.

CD-ROM is a digital medium for writing and reading data from a CD.

DVD ROM – the device works with DVD discs.

The motherboard is the mother of all components of the machine, since many of them are installed directly on it, while others are connected to it. All components must exchange information. When playing on a computer, you need to get an image, sound, and the ability to control characters. All these actions are performed by different modules, which must work harmoniously. One module sends information, which, passing through the motherboard, is translated into a language understandable to another device.

What is located on the motherboard?

Let's look at the system components that are directly installed on the motherboard:

The processor is the system's control center, or its brain. Commands go from it to different modules, it converts data, controls all elements of the computer.

Memory is a medium for storing data. It resembles a storage room with cells in which data is placed. Each cell has its own address. There is RAM and ROM. If you turn off the machine, the information will not be saved in RAM. Read-only memory is used for long-term storage of data.

A video card has other names: graphics accelerator, video adapter, etc. It can be built-in or separate. Many modern games and serious graphics programs require a high-performance video card, so users prefer to purchase it separately. It has its own processor and memory for complex graphics calculations.

The sound card can also be built-in or separate. The sound quality produced by a separate video card is higher than the built-in one. If you are a fan of high-quality sound and want to connect an expensive audio system to your computer, you will need an external video card.

Devices for external connection

You can name many of them yourself because you encounter them every day. External components of a computer system include:

The keyboard is necessary for entering text into the computer, controlling the game, etc.

A modem is required to connect the machine to the Internet. Without this connection, we will not be able to communicate with friends on social networks or play an online game. We will not be able to find important information, download or watch a movie or cartoon online.

Using a scanner, you can easily scan a photo or text.

The microphone allows us to communicate with friends by voice on Skype, record a song, etc.

The printer will help you print text or pictures. Using a color device, you can easily print a photo or postcard.

Speakers are essential for watching movies, listening to songs and chatting.

USB drives are used to transfer information from one device to another.

Now you guys understand that a computer consists of devices that are connected to each other by wires and connectors. Any of them can be changed to another device, and the computer will work properly. On the front panel of the system unit there is a large button to start it, special openings for disks and floppy disks, and an emergency button to restart the machine.

We invite you to complete an exciting task - solve a crossword puzzle. So, GO!

Horizontally:

1. A device that stores data and programs.
2. A programmable electronic device for processing numeric and character data.
3. A complex multilayer printed circuit board, which is the basis for building a computing system (computer).
4. An acoustic system consisting of a large number of identical loudspeakers arranged vertically.
5. Digital media for recording and reading data from a CD.

Vertically:

1. The "brain" of the computer.
2. A device for outputting graphic and text information in a form accessible to the user.
3. An electroacoustic device that converts sound vibrations into electric current vibrations, an input device.
4. A device designed to enter information from the user into a computer.
5. A device that works with DVDs.

Answers:

Horizontally:

1. Memory.
2. Computer.
3. Motherboard.
4. Speakers.
5. CD-ROM.

Vertically:

1. Processor.
2. Monitor.
3. Microphone.
4. Keyboard.
5. DVD-ROM.

Next task! Read and translate yourself, and then, for accuracy, check your translation with the one we offer. Good luck!

Each of us has at least once encountered a situation where a strange dialog box appears on the computer screen. Sometimes even in Russian it is not easy to understand what technology might want from us. But if the text is also written in English, then you really want to lose heart and restart the computer, just not to delve into what this ill-fated window is talking about. But you and I will not give in to panic, but will try to figure out what’s what. Well, in order to at least understand which side to approach the problem from, we offer a list of useful words that will help you understand the “language of the computer.”

We already have one. But today we want to systematize our knowledge a little and present a selection of words in alphabetical order. This way you can easily and quickly understand the root of the problem and try to find the right solution. But remember that we do not set ourselves the task of teaching you the basics of computer literacy in one article. We just want to correlate Russian concepts with their English counterparts. Well, if something is not clear to you about computer topics, then feel free to turn to the Internet (or to your advanced programmer friend).

Computer English. List of English words that are similar to Russian

First, let's look at the words that we are already familiar with thanks to the Russian language. After all, as you know, many Russian computer terms were borrowed from English. They simply underwent adaptation to our language, slightly changed their sound and began to be written with familiar letters. So our first vocabulary block on the topic “English for PC Users” is quite simple.

Computer English. List of English words that are not very similar to Russian

Of course, in modern reality, and even more so in computer vocabulary, borrowings from the English language rule the roost. So many of you are already actively using the words “app/app” or “hard disk”. But these fashionable words have not yet completely replaced the Russian translation. It is the Russian translation that we will focus on in this part of the English selection of computer vocabulary.

Of course, this is not a complete list of computer vocabulary in English for PC users. But we hope that even this small selection of words helped you at least a little understand what’s what and interested you in further studying this difficult topic.

Shutikova Anna

Hello! Dear friends, can you imagine your life without modern technology? I think not, and it is especially difficult to imagine the absence of a computer. The computer has taken a very important position in all areas of activity. That is, over the past decades, the computer has become a way to spend interesting leisure time, as well as an integral part in many areas of work: engineering, medicine, etc.

Many programs and computer “innovations” are developed abroad and distributed throughout the world. It happens that the program does not have Russian, but you will probably find English in the list of languages ​​when installing. So there is a need to know a basic dictionary of computer terms in English. In addition, many of the programs have a certain number of identical terms, which greatly simplifies the task of studying them, since they are found in almost all programs. Thus, it will not be difficult to remember their translation and meaning over time.

For example, in any program you will encounter

• open- open
• file- file
• error- error, etc.

In addition to the fact that many will find knowledge of computer terms useful in their work, others will also find it useful in non-professional work, for example, to install a program on a computer. Almost always during installation you will come across words such as:

• next- Further
• cancel- cancel
• to close all other applications- close all applications
• accept- accept

English computer terms Mastering a dictionary of computer terminology will improve your computer literacy. Those who use a computer for an impressive period of time mistakenly consider themselves “advanced” users. In fact, encountering any English term often becomes an insurmountable obstacle.

Another argument for you to learn a dictionary of English computer terms is the fact that many of them are borrowed from Russian. It is well known that the computer has become one of the reasons for the intensive use of Anglicisms in the Russian language over the last half century. For example, the word " feast" comes from the English words " peer”, which in translation means “accomplice” and has acquired a new meaning: a client participating in distribution in programs such as torrent.

Computer and global Internet system

As was said a little above, the computer and the Internet have become the reasons for the emergence of Anglicisms in the Russian language; they are changing the Russian vocabulary with amazing speed. You are right in thinking that there is nothing wrong with this. However, imagine that you hear the following dialogue on the street:

— I changed mine yesterday Avik, Jolie poured himself. And I set myself aku Best

• Avik (from English “avatar”) - means a picture that serves as a “face” on forums and blogs
• aka (from the expression “also known as”, translated “also known as”) - means nickname, that is, the name by which a network user is known

— Okay, I'll keep you posted. What are you?

What is your opinion? Does this sound Russian? Of course not. All this resembles some kind of strange, ridiculous slang. Why did it happen? Yes, because many, due to ignorance of translation into Russian, began to distort English words, adding only Russian endings.

That is why today’s topic is relevant, since studying the information below will help you not speak the fictitious half-Russian-half-English language. You will be able to maintain a purely Russian language, and if necessary, you will not be confused by the program in English.

Dictionary of English computer terms

For greater convenience, we will divide computer terms into specific topics. Each topic includes a small glossary of terms that you may encounter in a given situation.

Computer and its components

Computer - computer

Laptop - notebook

Monitor - monitor

Flash drive - flash drive

Disk - disk

Projector - projector

Scanner - scanner

Printer - printer

Keyboard - keyboard

Key - key

Mouse - mouse

Mousepad - mouse pad

Power strip - extension cord

Floppy disk drive - disk drive

Motherboard - motherboard

Hard disk - hard drive

Random access memory - RAM

Modem - modem

Audio and video player

Internet

Internet - Internet

Link - link

Hard link - direct link

Home page - home page

Hyperlink - hyperlink

History - history

Internet address - Internet address

Join - connection

Net - network

E-mail - e-mail

Spam - spam

Off line - off line

Port - port

Server - server

Traffic - traffic

Trojan horse - Trojan

User - user

Web page - web page

Web site - website

Weblog - blog

Forum - forum

Browser - browser

Log in - input

World-Wide Web - World Wide Web

The program and its installation on the computer

Program - program

Programming - programming

Software

Data processing - data processing

Main program - main program

Processing program

Testing - testing

Recovery program - recovery program

Install - install

Instruction - instructions

Demo version - demo version

Freeware - free software

Algorithm - algorithm

Menu bar - menu bar

Prompt - hint

Exit - exit

Uninstall - uninstall

Update - update

Working with text data

Printer - printer, printing device

Listing - printout

Text - text

File store - file storage

Cipher - cipher

Copy - copy

Insert - insert

Delete - delete, exclude

Symbol - symbol

Gap - space

Cell - cell

A scrollbar - scroll bar

Label - label

Colon - colon

comma - comma

Quotation marks - quotes

Bracket - bracket

Semicolon - semicolon

Line - string

Font - font

Font size/ style/ weight - font size/ style/ boldness

Erasing - erasing

Copy protect - copy protection

Word processing - text processing

Common computer terms

This is by no means the entire dictionary of English terms you will encounter if you have a computer with Internet access, but these are the most common terms. You can download a more extensive dictionary of terms in English with translation