Ancient artifacts on the Moon. Mysteries of the Moon. Mysterious riddles of the moon Scientific riddles about the moon

The Moon is man's closest companion in moving through space and the only celestial body that we have had the opportunity to visit. However, despite its relative proximity and familiarity, our satellite continues to hold many interesting secrets. From its scientific oddity to the many ways it affects our lives, the Moon is a mystery that's definitely worth a closer look.

Despite being a dead lump of rock with very little geological activity, the Moon is still prone to shaking. These earthquake-like effects are called moonquakes, and there are four different types of them. The first three types are deep earthquakes, vibrations from meteorite influences and thermal earthquakes caused by the heat of the sun - they are relatively safe. The fourth, however, can be quite unpleasant. These “minor” tremors can reach up to 5.5 on the Richter scale and last up to 10 minutes. According to NASA, these earthquakes cause the Moon to ring like a bell. The scary thing is that we have no real explanation for what causes them. Earthquakes are usually caused by the movement of tectonic plates, but the Moon does not have active plate tectonics, so there is no clear understanding of the causes of this activity.

Twin planet

Most people think that the Moon should be classified as a planet because it is too large to be a "true" moon. At one-quarter the size of Earth, it is the largest moon relative to its planet in our solar system. Pluto has a moon called Charon, which is half its diameter in size, but since Pluto is not a planet, its moon does not count. Because of its large size, the Moon does not actually orbit the Earth. Instead, the Earth and Moon orbit around a point between them. This point is called the barycenter, and the illusion that the Moon orbits the Earth comes from the fact that the barycenter is currently located in the Earth's crust. The fact that the barycenter remains in the Earth is pretty much the only reason why the Earth and Moon are not classified as twins, but as a planet and its satellite. However, this may change in the future.

Lunar trash

Everyone knows that man has been to the moon, but not everyone knows that he considered the place as a picnic area. Over time, astronauts who visited the Moon left behind a certain amount of debris. It is believed that there are 181,437 kilograms of man-made materials lying around the Moon. Don't worry, the astronauts didn't intentionally litter the place or throw wrappers and banana peels everywhere. Much of that debris is debris from various experiments, space probes and lunar rovers. Today, some of the trash is still functional. There is also some actual trash, such as astronaut waste containers.

The moon is like a cemetery

Eugene Schumacher, a renowned astronomer and geologist, was something of a legend in his field. He conducted scientific research into cosmic influences and came up with the methods by which the Apollo astronauts had previously explored the Moon. Schumacher also wanted to be an astronaut, but was unable to due to a minor medical problem. Throughout his life this remained his greatest disappointment. However, he continued to dream that one day he would visit the moon. When he died, NASA fulfilled his most precious wish and sent his ashes to the Moon with the Lunar Prospector in 1998. His ashes remain there, scattered among the lunar dust.

Lunar anomalies

Some images taken by various instruments show some very strange things on the surface of the Moon. Many of these images appear to show man-made structures, from a canister-like tiny shard, to a towering pyramid that could be at least 1.6 kilometers high. According to supernatural theorists, there is even a large castle that floats high above the surface of the moon. All this supposedly points to an advanced civilization that lived on the Moon and created complex structures. NASA never really bothered to debunk these strange theories. Maybe because these images showing “life signs” were almost certainly fabricated by conspiracy theorists.

Moon dust

One of the most surprising dangers of the Moon is lunar dust. As everyone knows, sand is mined everywhere, even on Earth, but on the Moon it is completely dangerous. Moon dust is similar to flour, but it is also extremely rough. Thanks to this texture and the low gravity of the Moon, it clings to absolutely everything. NASA has experienced numerous problems caused by lunar dust. It destroyed the boots of the astronauts almost completely, and also covered their shields on their spacesuits. The dust seeped through space suits and caused “moon fever” in some astronauts who inhaled it. Prolonged exposure could even cause air locks that disabled space suits. It is worth adding that the smell of moon dust is similar to lit gunpowder.

Low Gravity

Despite the fact that the gravity on the Moon is six times less than on Earth, walking on its surface is quite difficult. Buzz Aldrin called the Moon an extremely difficult environment to move around. The space suits were clumsy, and their boots sank 15 centimeters into lunar dust. Despite the low gravity, human inertia (resistance to changes in movement) is high on the Moon, so it is difficult to move quickly or change direction. If the astronauts wanted to go any faster, they would have to do awkward, kangaroo-like jumps. This presents another challenge because the landscape is full of craters and other hazards. However, plots on the Moon are actively being sold

Origin of the Moon

How did the Moon appear? The short answer is we really don't know. However, science is able to put forward several assumptions. There are five main theories about the origin of the Moon. The Split Theory states that the Moon used to be part of our planet, which was split apart at some very early point in Earth's history. The Capture Theory says that the Moon was simply wandering around the universe until our gravitational field caught it. Other theories say that our satellite was compressed by a group of asteroids, or the remnants of a collision between Earth and an unknown planet the size of Mars. Currently, the most likely candidate for the origin story of the Moon is the Ring Theory, which is better known as the Giant Influence Theory. According to this version, the protoplanet (planet that is being formed) Theia collided with the Earth. The resulting cloud of debris was eventually compressed into the Moon.

Moon and sleep

The effects of the Moon on the Earth and vice versa clearly exist. However, the effects on humans remain a source of ongoing debate. Many believe that the full moon causes the strangest behavior in people, even though science has not been able to offer definitive proof. But there is a very good chance that the moon could disrupt our sleep cycle. According to a volunteer-based experiment conducted by the University of Basel in Switzerland, the phases of the moon influence and disrupt human sleep cycles in a clearly measurable way. The worst sleep usually occurs during the full moon. This discovery could very accurately explain the whole theory of madness during the full moon.

Moon shadows

When Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin first set foot on the Moon, they quickly made a dramatic discovery: the Moon's shadows were much darker than those on Earth due to a lack of atmosphere. Everything that the sun did not directly shine on was pitch black. As soon as their foot stepped into the shadow, they could no longer see it, despite the fact that the sun was sparkling in the sky. Moon shadows harmed many of the Apollo missions. Some astronauts were unable to perform their maintenance tasks because their own hands blocked what they were doing. There was also the illusion of landing on a steep slope due to the shadow created by the device, although in fact the surface was perfectly flat.

Moon- the closest satellite of humanity in outer space and the only celestial body that we have visited. But despite its relative proximity to us and its apparent simplicity, our satellite continues to hide a lot, and some of them are worth learning about.

Optical illusion

During the full moon, our satellite emits 12.6 units of brightness, while the Sun emits 26.8. For some reason, the human eye “sees” the disk of the Moon much larger at the moment when it is close to the horizon. But in fact it is 1.5% smaller along with the Moon at its zenith. This is a kind of optical illusion, which we observe in the example of the Sun. And it is not the Earth’s atmosphere that refracts light and increases the diameter of the stars.

Moonquakes

The Moon has extremely low geological activity, but crustal movements occur there too. There are four types of moonquakes: the first three - deep moonquakes, vibrations from meteorite impacts and thermal moonquakes caused by solar activity - are relatively safe. And moonquakes of the fourth type can be up to 5.5 on the Richter scale - this is enough to make small objects begin to tremble. These tremors last for about ten minutes. Earthquakes on Earth are typically caused by the movement of tectonic plates, but on the Moon there are simply no tectonic plates, and we don't know what exactly causes moonquakes.

The moon is hollow inside

Above the “lunar site seas” they found areas in which the gravity of our satellite is changed. This fact, as well as testing the motion and specific gravity of the Moon, suggests that the Moon may be hollow inside. And after part of the Apollo 13 rocket separated and fell onto the surface of the satellite, the Moon “oscillated” for about three hours up to 40 kilometers deep, as if hollow! At the same time, according to the astronauts, it “ringed like a bell.”

Lunar anomalies

Some images taken by various satellites show very strange artificial structures, the size of which varies from very small ones, usually shaped like a parallelepiped, to obelisks less than 1.5 km in height.

Moon dust

One of the most amazing and at the same time most dangerous things on the Moon is lunar dust. Instead of dust, there is crushed regolith rock on the Moon. It is fine, like flour, but at the same time very rough. Thanks to its texture and low gravity, the site penetrates absolutely anywhere. NASA had numerous problems with lunar dust: it ripped astronauts' boots almost completely apart, penetrated ships and space suits, and caused "lunar hay fever" in astronauts if they inhaled it. Moon dust smells like burnt gunpowder, which is probably due to its meteorite origin. In the region of the lunar “oceans” its layer is 3 meters, and on the plateau it reaches 20.

Moon shadows

When Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin first walked on the Moon, they made an amazing discovery: the shadows on the Moon are much darker than the shadows on Earth due to the lack of an atmosphere. All lunar shadows are absolutely black. As soon as the astronauts stepped into the shadows, they could no longer see their own feet, despite the sun's disk burning brightly in the sky. Moon shadows became the bane of many Apollo missions. Some astronauts found it impossible to complete spacecraft maintenance tasks because they couldn't see what their hands were doing. Others thought that they had accidentally landed in a cave: this effect was created due to the shadows cast by the slopes.

Of course, the astronauts were able to adapt to this, but such a contrast between dark and light areas of the surface still remained a problem. The astronauts noticed that some shadows—namely, their own—had halos. They later learned that the eerie phenomenon was explained by the opposition effect, in which some dark shadow areas appear to have a bright halo, provided that the observer looks at the shadows from a certain angle.

Difficulties with low gravity

Although the gravity on the Moon is only one-sixth that of Earth, moving on its surface is difficult. Buzz Aldrin said that it would be extremely difficult to establish settlements on the Moon: the feet of astronauts in bulky spacesuits were buried in lunar dust almost 15 cm deep. Despite the low gravity, the inertia of a person on the Moon is high, so it is difficult to move quickly or change direction there. If the astronauts wanted to move faster, they had to jump like kangaroos, which was also a problem since the Moon is full of craters and other dangerous objects.

Solar eclipse thanks to the Moon

During a total solar eclipse, the Moon is between the Sun and the Earth, and the lunar disk exactly coincides with the solar one, covering it almost completely. This effect is due to an amazing coincidence: the diameter of the Sun is about 400 times greater than the diameter of the Moon, but the distance from us to the Sun is also about 400 times greater, so from the Earth both luminaries appear approximately the same. This ratio of sizes and distances is unique for all the planets of the Solar System and all their known satellites. Moreover, this coincidence happened precisely in our time, because the Moon is gradually moving away from the Earth, and after millions of years a total solar eclipse can no longer be seen.

Solar eclipse from the International Space Station:

A total solar eclipse was observed on November 14, 2013 in three Australian cities - Cairns, Port Douglas and Brisbane:

Next solar eclipses (2014-2017):

• October 23, 2014 21:45:39 Partial
• March 20, 2015 9:46:47 AM Full
• September 13, 2015 6:55:19 Partial
• March 9, 2016 1:58:19 Full
• 1 September 2016 9:08:02 Ring
• 26 February 2017 14:54:32 Ring
• 21 August 2017 18:26:40 Full

Moon eclipse

This is an eclipse that occurs when the Moon enters the cone of the shadow cast by the Earth. The Moon can be completely obscured, i.e. a total lunar eclipse with a blood-red moon effect, or the Moon can be partially obscured - a partial or penumbral eclipse.

A total lunar eclipse occurred on June 15, 2011. The Moon was completely immersed in the Earth's shadow for 100 minutes. This is the longest eclipse since July 2000:

Next lunar eclipses (2014-2017):

• October 8, 2014 10:55:44 Full (blood red moon)
• April 4, 2015 12:01:24 Full (blood red moon)
• September 28, 2015 2:48:17 Full (blood red moon)
• March 23, 2016 11:48:21 Penumbra
• 16 September 2016 18:55:27 Penumbra
• February 11, 2017 00:45:03 Penumbra
• 7 August 2017 18:21:38 Partial

Supermoon

A supermoon is the position of the Moon when it is slightly closer to the Earth in its orbit than usual. The effect of a close orbit is especially noticeable during the full moon. The Moon appears larger than usual, although the difference in distance from Earth differs by only a few percent. During a supermoon The moon looks 14% bigger and 30% brighter than on normal days. A supermoon typically does not have a noticeable effect on Earth, except for stronger tides.

Every month on the day of the new moon, the Earth, Moon and Sun line up, with the Moon taking its place in the middle. This astronomical phenomenon causes extensive tides. During these tides, the water mark is particularly high, and then the water subsides later that day. During supermoons, the Moon increases the tides, causing what are called perigee tides.

During a supermoon On August 10, the Moon will be at its closest distance to Earth. This is the evening and night from Sunday to Monday. But even the day before, the Moon will already be magnificent. If you also take into account that in August the Earth passes through a meteor shower appearing from the direction of the constellation Perseus, and falling meteorites are most often observed, then you can sit all night admiring the starry sky with “falling stars” and a huge bright moon. Very romantic! Do not miss!

The following supermoon site:

• August 10, 2014
• September 9, 2014

Earth sunrise over the moon

It is known that the Moon always faces the Earth with one side, but for someone who is on the Moon, the Earth will not hang motionless in the sky. This is due to the fact that, firstly, the Moon’s orbit is not circular, but elliptical, and secondly, the Moon’s axis of rotation is inclined to the axis of the orbit around the Earth. Thanks to these small movements, which are collectively called libration, a total of about 60% of the lunar surface is visible to an observer on Earth. In turn, an observer located on the border of the lunar disk can see the sunrise and sunset of the Earth. Magnificent view of the Earth rising above the Moon:

Moonbows

There are also lunar rainbows that arise from sunlight reflected by the Moon. Since this light is significantly weaker than direct sunlight, to the human eye a lunar rainbow usually looks just white, but a camera with a long exposure can capture it in color. Moonbow at Victoria Falls:

The relationship between the phases of the moon, writing and lunar chronology

We call the emerging disk of the Moon a month. It grows from right to left and decreases in the same order. Therefore, after the new moon, when the Moon is completely invisible, a month appears, the horns of which point to the left. And after the full moon, when the Moon wanes, gradually turning back into a month, its horns are already directed to the right. Therefore, it is always easy to determine what phase the Moon is in. What we see The illuminated shape of the Moon always changes from right to left, also influenced the direction of writing in Arabic writing. In some countries, lunar chronology is adopted along with the usual solar Gregorian calendar. Thus, The year 2014 corresponds to 1435 according to the Islamic calendar and 2557 according to the Buddhist calendar. Thin crescent moon, nascent moon site behind the ancient Parthenon temple in Athens:

Here's some more interesting information about the Moon:

1. Few people know that there is a real monument to the fallen astronauts on the Moon. It is a small man in a spacesuit, measuring 8 cm, made of aluminum and installed in 1971. The figurine also includes a plaque with the names of the dead people. Among the other 14 cosmonauts, the name of Yuri Gagarin is mentioned. Eugene Shoemaker (founder of astrogeology) himself wanted to become an astronaut, but was unable to get the job due to minor health problems. This remained the biggest disappointment throughout his life, but Shoemaker nevertheless continued to dream that one day he would be able to visit the Moon himself. When he died, NASA fulfilled his greatest wish and sent his ashes to the Moon with the Lunar Prospector station in 1998. website His ashes remain there, scattered among the moon dust.

2. If Belka and Strelka were the first conquerors of space, then the conquerors of the Moon can be called Asian turtles with various bugs, plants and bacteria. They orbited the Earth's satellite for the first time.

3. According to space news, the Moon has such a feature as a sharp temperature drop from -100°C to +160°C, while on Earth the maximum and record difference was recorded once in 1916, Montana (USA ) – amounted to -49 to +7 degrees.

4. There is no atmosphere on the Moon, so there is a black starry sky there all day long. From it, regardless of the time of day, the Earth is always clearly visible.

5. Moon's gravity is 6 times less than Earth's. Based on this information and simple mathematical calculations, an ordinary person can easily lift the weight of a load equal to his own.

6. To help you navigate the site in the distance from the Earth to the Moon, we will give several examples. It will take about 20 days to fly by plane, and up to six months by car at a constant speed of 90-100 km/h.

The more people learn about the Moon, the more mysteries arise that challenge established scientific ideas about it.

UFO on the Moon:

Why did the leading space powers of the USSR and the USA suddenly lose interest in the Moon? Either they made grandiose plans for its development, even colonization, or for decades there was silence.

This happens when everything is known and there is no point in continuing the study, or when such unexpected results are obtained that the work goes into the secrecy phase. The first option is doubtful: there are no less questions related to the Moon even now. But here's the second one...

Signs of a lunar mind?

In 1977, a book by a certain J. Leonard was published in the UK entitled “There is Someone Else on Our Moon” and with the subtitle “Amazing Facts of Intelligent Life on the Moon Discovered.”

An excavator the size of a city on the surface of the moon! This is just one of the author's stunning revelations. According to him, only a very narrow circle of specialists knew about the powerful mechanical devices that American astronauts saw working in the craters of the Moon, about bridges, viaducts, dome-shaped structures and other structures on the lunar surface.

Who this J. Leonard is is unknown. In any case, this is a person who had access to extensive, including top-secret information. He was able to talk with many NASA officials, study thousands of photographs, and listen to hours of tape recordings of conversations with astronauts.

Thirty-five photographs (each with a NASA code number), dozens of detailed drawings made, according to the author, from high-quality large-format photographs, 230 pages of text listing facts and documents, statements from NASA experts and an extensive bibliography lead to a stunning conclusion: NASA and many scientists world-famous people have long known that signs of intelligent life have been discovered on the Moon!

Disinformation? But then the reaction to this publication is amazing. No denials
no comments, no discussion of any kind. Are the pictures fake? But the author in the appendix gives the address where you can get copies of them.

Maybe NASA leaked information? Here is J. Leonard's own hypothesis: “I'm starting to think that NASA is presenting these photographs with the attitude: “Here they are. If you - the public and the scientific community - are not too interested or blind to see these oddities, that's your problem. We don’t have funds in our budget for your education.”

Few people knew about Leonard's book. Its circulation, according to competent people, immediately disappeared from store shelves. The second edition was published in 1978 - the same result. Only copies that were accidentally exported abroad, including to the USSR, remained. But it seems that the Moor still did his job. In 1981, a book (“Alien Bases on the Moon,” by Fred Steckling) was published in the United States, full of facts and NASA photographs depicting UFOs and other phenomena on the Moon and in its environs. In 1992, a book with similar content was published in Japan.

Mysterious light

"Wow!!! - Astronaut Harrison Schmitt, pilot of the Apollo 17 lunar module (December 7-19, 1972) could not contain his surprise already on the first revolution around the Moon. “I just saw a flash on the lunar surface!.. A bright small flash on the northern edge of the Grimaldi crater... where there was only a narrow strip of light.” (It was in this place that Apollo 16 pilot Ken Mattingly saw a flash of bright light).
The next day it was the turn of another pilot, Ronald Evans, to be surprised: “I would never have believed it!” I am right above the edge of the Eastern Sea. I just saw a bright flash with my own eyes! Right at the end of the furrow..."

One of the serious authorities in the field of the physical and geological nature of the Moon, Dr. Farouk El-Baz, a consultant and assistant to many American astronauts, commented on these observations: “There is no doubt that this is something grandiose: these are not comets, and this is NOT of NATURAL origin !”

Strange light phenomena on the lunar disk have been noticed for a long time. Flashes, luminous stripes, moving spots of light were described in detail by researchers of previous centuries. More than 900 recorded cases date back to the 16th century alone.

The library of the Royal Astronomical Society contains information about strange light spots and light fluctuations on the Moon. By April 1871, 1,600 such cases were recorded in the Plato crater alone. Observers saw a flickering blue light or a cluster of specks of light that looked like bright, needle-like dots gathering together. W. Herschel (1738-1822), the founder of stellar astronomy, who discovered the planet Uranus and several satellites of Saturn and Uranus, recorded about 150 very bright spots on the surface of the Moon during a total eclipse.

White sparkling dots arranged in an arc, tiny dots and streaks of light are especially often observed in the Sea of ​​Crises. Sometimes these are tiny dots and stripes of light, united into some kind of figure, sometimes periodically flashing light, similar to intelligent signals.

The attention of astronomers has long been attracted by a strange light in the craters of Aristarchus and Plato. Bright red flashes in the area of ​​the Aristarchus crater sometimes cover areas of several kilometers and are more often observed above dome-shaped structures. Moving objects are observed in the Sea of ​​Tranquility. In 1964, light or dark spots were seen there at least four times, spreading over tens and even hundreds of kilometers in a few hours.

On September 11, 1967, for 8-9 seconds, Canadian researchers observed a dark rectangular spot with purple edges moving from west to east over the Sea of ​​Tranquility. It was clearly visible until it entered the night area.

After 13 minutes, a flash of yellow light was recorded along the path of the spot near the Sabine crater. And, apparently, it was no coincidence that a year and a half later, Apollo landed in this area! 1". The study of lunar soil at the landing site surprised experts. The soil was melted by a light source 100 times brighter than the Sun. Experts believe that the source of radiation was at a low altitude above the Moon. But these are not the engines of the Apollo lander.

In 1968, NASA published a summary of the observations in the Chronological Catalog of Lunar Event Reports. Among the 579 phenomena the following were named: moving luminous objects; colored trenches lengthening at a speed of 6 km/h; giant domes that change color; a large luminous object, the so-called "Maltese Cross", observed on November 26, 1956; geometric figures; disappearing craters and other things that cannot be explained. The catalog also records the speed of movement of the mentioned spots in the Sea of ​​Tranquility - from 32 to 80 km/h.

Logic dictates that the vast majority of lunar phenomena simply remain outside our field of vision. After all, there is also the other side of the Moon.

Something lands, something flies

In the summer of 1955, V. Yaremenko from Odessa looked at “countless lunar craters, mountains and seas” through a homemade telescope. “Above the disk, parallel to its edge, at a distance of approximately 0.2 lunar radius, a luminous body flew, similar to a 3rd magnitude star under normal observation,” he recalls. - Having flown a third of the circle (it took 4-5 seconds), the body descended along a steep trajectory onto the lunar surface. It was quite large and... manageable! And artificial satellites did not yet exist in those years...”

Here are the observations of V. Luchko from Lvov (March 31, 1983): “About 2 hours 30 minutes. on the clear, almost full disk of the Moon... a rather large dark body was noticed, quickly and smoothly passing along a slightly curved path through the northwestern part of the disk in the direction from west to east. His journey took no more than a second. After a short period of time, exactly the same (or the same) body again crossed the Moon at the same speed and in the same direction...” That same night, Luchko managed to notice six appearances of the same bodies (or the same one). “In all cases, it was a relatively large, dark, even black body of irregular shape, perfectly visible against the background of the shining lunar disk.”

Our television has repeatedly played a video recording of a shadow moving across the surface of the Moon, which was made by a Japanese amateur astronomer. If this is not a hoax, then the size of the shadow (about 20 km in diameter) and the enormous speed of movement (about 400 km in 2 seconds) suggest a high technical level of the object that left it.

On March 15, 1992, astronomer E. Arsyukhin observed a rapid zigzag flight over the Moon of a black square body about 5 km in size. During the observation period, the object flew about 500 km at the same speed as the “Japanese” one - 200 km/s.

Astronautics gave a new impetus to the study of lunar mysteries. Photographs of the Moon taken from spacecraft and information obtained during flights and landings on the Moon forced NASA to seriously study the Earth's satellite. A special program was created to study LTP (“random phenomena on the Moon”, Russian abbreviation - LF, lunar phenomena). Experienced public observers were involved in the program. The results of the research are not known to the general public.

Only hypotheses

Examining photographs from the book by J. Leonard, researcher at the Association for Engineering Dowsing O.A. Isaeva identified zones with an increased energy background on the surface of the Moon and came close to determining the chemical composition of the sources of anomalous radiation. There is reason to believe that these objects contain technetium. This radioactive element, promising for nuclear energy, was obtained artificially on Earth only in 1937; it does not occur in its natural form in nature.

Various theories and hypotheses have been used to explain light LFs. They tried to explain them by flashes in the eyes of astronauts, which occur when cosmic particles hit the brain or eyeball. However, light phenomena are also observed by terrestrial researchers who are not subject to such cosmic bombardment. In addition, flares from cosmic particles are described as instantaneous, and even many hours of glow or periodic flickering in the same place have been observed on the Moon.

They try to explain flares on the Moon by meteorite impacts on rocks and rocks. However, this can only explain occasional short-term and one-time effects. M. Jessup, a mathematician and astronomer who seriously substantiated the connection between UFOs and the Moon, noted that in both the 18th and 19th centuries on the Moon during
spots of light were observed for hours or longer. The moon sparkled, sparkled, flared. And the probability of two meteorites hitting the same place in a relatively short period is negligible.

It has been suggested that at one time on the Moon, gases could have gotten under the uncooled lava flows, but now they are released. But gases spontaneously released in nature, as a rule, do not have color, rhythm, shape or size. And all this is on the Moon. It was not possible to connect the glow of “gases” with the influence of ultraviolet rays from the Sun. Glows are also observed when the Sun does not illuminate the lunar surface.

It has been hypothesized that the Earth's magnetic tail accelerates solar particles that bombard the Moon, causing flares and luminescent excitations. But in this case, the glows and flashes would not have been tied for centuries to certain areas on the Moon (there are 90 of them!).

The hypothesis of volcanic activity contradicts the official NASA concept, according to which our satellite is a relatively dead planet. In addition, the tremors usual for an eruption would have been recorded by a network of seismographs installed on the Moon. However, they were silent even on April 25, 1972, when in the area of ​​the Aristarchus and Herodotus craters a “light fountain” was recorded, which at a speed of 1.35 km/s reached a height of 162 km, shifted sideways by 60 km and dissolved.

In 1992, American astronomer M. Kenton reported strange tremors on the Moon: “Their strength... reaches 12-14 points on the Richter scale. If this process continues for another six months, the Moon will burst and scatter into two halves... Two moons can cause people to experience a state of frustration, mental splitting, and group insanity. The reaction of the animal world, where instincts prevail, is unpredictable...”

Many scientists recognized that tremors on the Moon were something new in scientific observations, but did not believe that the Moon could break apart. And they were right.

Vitaly Pravdivtsev. Scientific director of the information and analytical center "Unknown"

Back in the 1960s, Mikhail Vasin and Alexander Shcherbakov from the USSR Academy of Sciences put forward the hypothesis that in reality our satellite was created artificially. This hypothesis has eight main postulates, popularly called “riddles,” which analyze some of the most surprising aspects about the satellite.

Because of the question of time and scientific precision, we will set aside most speculation regarding the nature of the luminary in order to concentrate on specific dilemmas that continue to remain mysteries in modern science.

The first mystery of the Moon: artificial Moon or cosmic exchange
In fact, the orbit of motion and the size of the moon's satellite are physically almost impossible. If this were natural, one could argue that this is an extremely strange “whim” of the cosmos. This is due to the fact that the size of the Moon is equal to a quarter of the size of the Earth, and the ratio of the sizes of the satellite and the planet is always many times smaller. The distance from the Moon to the Earth is such that the sizes of the Sun and Moon are visually the same. This allows us to observe such a rare phenomenon as a total solar eclipse, when the Moon completely covers the Sun. The same mathematical impossibility applies to the masses of both celestial bodies. If the Moon were a body that at some point was attracted by the Earth and found a natural orbit, then it would be expected that this orbit should be elliptical. Instead, it is strikingly round.

The second mystery of the Moon: the incredible curvature of the Moon's surface

The incredible curvature that the Moon's surface exhibits is inexplicable. The moon is not a round body. The results of geological studies lead to the conclusion that this planetoid is actually a hollow ball. Although it is such, scientists still cannot explain how the Moon can have such a strange structure without being destroyed. One explanation proposed by the above-mentioned scientists is that the lunar crust was made of a solid titanium frame. Indeed, the lunar crust and rocks have been shown to have extraordinary levels of titanium. According to Russian scientists Vasin and Shcherbakov, the thickness of the titanium layer is 30 km.

The third mystery of the Moon: lunar craters

The explanation for the presence of a huge number of meteorite craters on the surface of the Moon is widely known - the absence of an atmosphere. Most cosmic bodies that try to penetrate Earth encounter kilometers of atmosphere on their way, and it all ends with the “aggressor” disintegrating. The Moon has no ability to protect its surface from the scars left by all the meteorites crashing into it - craters of all sizes. What remains unexplained is the shallow depth to which the aforementioned bodies were able to penetrate. It really looks as if a layer of extremely durable material prevented meteorites from penetrating into the center of the satellite. Even craters with a diameter of 150 kilometers do not exceed 4 kilometers deep into the Moon. This feature is inexplicable from the point of view of normal observations that there should be craters at least 50 km deep.

The fourth mystery of the Moon: “lunar seas”

How were the so-called “lunar seas” formed? These gigantic areas of solid lava, which originate from the interior of the Moon, could easily be explained if the Moon were a hot planet with a liquid interior, where they could arise from meteorite impacts. But physically, it is much more likely that the Moon, judging by its size, has always been a cold body. Another mystery is the location of the “lunar seas.” Why are 80% of them on the visible side of the Moon?

The fifth mystery of the Moon: mascons

The gravitational attraction on the surface of the moon is not uniform. This effect had already been noted by the crew of Apollo VIII when it flew around the lunar sea zones. Mascones (from "Mass Concentration" - mass concentration) are places where a substance is believed to exist at a higher density or in large quantities. This phenomenon is closely related to the lunar seas, since the mascons are located under them.

The sixth mystery of the Moon: geographic asymmetry

A rather shocking fact in science, which still cannot be explained, is the geographic asymmetry of the surface of the Moon. The famous "dark" side of the Moon has many more craters, mountains and landforms. In addition, as we already mentioned, most of the seas, on the contrary, are on the side that we can see.

The seventh mystery of the Moon: the low density of the Moon

The density of our satellite is 60% of the density of the Earth. This fact, together with various studies, proves that the Moon is a hollow object. Moreover, several scientists have ventured to suggest that the above-mentioned cavity is artificial. In fact, given the layout of the surface layers that have been identified, scientists argue that the Moon appears to be like a planet that formed "in reverse," and some use this as evidence for the "artificial casting" theory.

The Eighth Mystery of the Moon: Origin

In the last century, for a long time, three theories of the origin of the Moon were conventionally accepted. Currently, most of the scientific community has accepted the hypothesis of the artificial origin of the lunar planetoid as no less valid than others.

One theory suggests that the Moon is a fragment of the Earth. But the enormous differences in the nature of these two bodies make this theory practically untenable.

Another theory is that this celestial body formed at the same time as the Earth, from the same cloud of cosmic gas. But the previous conclusion is also valid in relation to this judgment, since the Earth and the Moon should have at least a similar structure.

The third theory suggests that, while wandering through space, the Moon fell into the earth's gravity, which caught and turned it into its “captive”. The big flaw in this explanation is that the Moon's orbit is essentially circular and cyclical. In such a phenomenon (when the satellite is “caught” by the planet), the orbit would be sufficiently distant from the center or, at least, would be some kind of ellipsoid.

The fourth assumption is the most incredible of all, but, in any case, it can explain the various anomalies that are associated with the Earth's satellite, since if the Moon were constructed by intelligent beings, then the physical laws to which it is subject would not be equally applicable to other celestial bodies.

It has another name - Selene, hence the name of the science involved in the study of the Moon - selenology.

The Moon revolves around the Earth in an elliptical orbit with an average distance of 384,395 km. And the orbital period is 27, 32 average solar days. At the same time, rotation around its own axis occurs with the same period, so from Earth we can see only one side of this satellite. The diameter of the Moon is 3,476 km, its mass is 81.5 times less than the mass of the Earth. The temperature on the surface ranges from – 160°С (at night) to + 130°С (daytime).

Due to the fact that the Moon is visible from Earth, even without the naked eye, and is the closest space object of all the planets in the solar system, it has been studied in more detail and thoroughly. But not everything is so clear and simple, even with such a well-studied object.

Craters on the Moon were discovered in 1610 using a 30x telescope built by Galileo Galilei, which he called “dams.” Kepler then suggested that these craters were lunar settlements. And later, many astronomers who discovered formations similar to the remains of buildings immediately announced the discovery of intelligent life. In the 17th - 19th centuries, the opinion about the habitability of the Moon was very popular not only among ordinary people, but also among the scientific community.

But with the development of selenology, over time it became clear that life on the Moon is not possible due to the lack of water and atmosphere.

By analyzing lunar soil samples, scientists have determined that the Moon and the Earth were subjected to a massive meteorite attack about 400 million years ago. This time roughly coincides with the Cambrian explosion. Then, in different places of the Earth, various forms of life suddenly appeared and began to develop.

The date of the meteorite bombardment was determined by researchers from the University of California. Microscopic quartz spheres with radioactive particles inside, formed during explosions from meteorite impacts, were discovered in the lunar soil.

However, there are other interesting facts about the Moon and the secrets of its origin that were discovered earlier.

Mysterious facts

So…

On May 3, 1715, at 9:30 a.m., the French astronomer Jose Louville noticed on the western side, at the very edge of the lunar disk, glimpses of light that appeared irregularly from the darkened side.

60 years later, on October 12, 1775, the German astronomer Johann Hieronymus Schröter noticed a bright point flying over the Sea of ​​Rains from south to north, and then the same one only moving along the southern edge.

In addition, he discovered a crater with a diameter of about 37 kilometers to the west of the Sea of ​​Crisis and gave it the name Alhazen; this crater was clearly visible. However, after 50 years, another German researcher, Georg Kunovsky, did not discover Alhazen. That a number of other astronomers immediately decided to check, who also discovered that Alhazen had disappeared! And just forty years later, in the same place, William Burt discovered a ring of low mountains. What processes take place in that place of the Moon? It remains a mystery to this day.

Here's another one of the mysteries. Since 1823, selenologists Schmidt, Lohrmann and Modler have explored the Linnaeus crater, which was always clearly visible to the very bottom. And with the sun low, the crater cast sharp shadows. However, in 1866, instead of a crater, a white spot was visible, which became smaller with sunrise, and by noon disappeared completely, but by dawn it appeared again.

In the last century, scientists discovered and described a square object and gave it the name Modler Square, which was classified as an artificial structure. However, later, in 1950, the American Bartlett discovered randomly scattered boulders at the location of the square; outwardly, this sight resembled ruins after an explosion or “moonquake.” The possibility that these “buildings” were hit by a meteorite has been ruled out. After all, hundreds of astronomers monitor the Moon around the clock, not to mention amateurs, who together could not help but notice the direct hit of the asteroid. Moreover, due to the low gravitational force, such an explosion would cause dust to remain in a column over the Modler Square for a very long time.

The famous Soviet astronomer Nikolai Aleksandrovich Kozyrev (August 20 (September 2), 1908, St. Petersburg - February 27, 1983, Leningrad) observed a red cloud over the Alphonse crater for two hours on November 3, 1958, covering the entire central part of the crater. However, this is not surprising, but what remains a mystery is that spectral analysis of the cloud showed the presence carbon dioxide. There are no prerequisites to attribute this to the revival of volcanic activity. All that remains is the version of an artificial explosion. Then similar phenomena occurred near the Aristarchus crater in December 1961.

Continuing the listing of anomalous phenomena occurring near Aristarchus, we decided to mention three luminous red spots in 1963 discovered by astronomers Greenaker and Barr, which disappeared after a couple of minutes. But a month later, the red spot on the slopes of Aristarchus appeared again and remained for almost an hour. It should be noted that this was observed by astronomers back in the 18th - 19th centuries, on this and other parts of the Moon.

Very often, luminous points are observed on the darkened part of the lunar disk. So in 1950, on March 30, selenologist Wilkins saw a bright luminous point flying over the surface of the Moon, which happened again a month and a half later. Then, in 1955, he observed a strong glow on the darkened part of the Moon for 35 minutes.

In the same year, selenologist Lambert noticed two bright sources of light moving along the western coast of the Sea of ​​​​Tranquility. And half a year later, Robert Miles registered a source of pulsating white light, which after about an hour turned blue and then went out completely.

On November 26, 1956, the Spaniard Garcia recorded three red lights that flew in a triangle and three other lights flying from the darkened side of the Moon to the illuminated one. And, on the same day, Robert Curtis photographed a light cross, consisting of two stripes several kilometers long, near the Parro Crater.

The crater Aristarchus again

Throughout the 60s, light spots were often observed in the area of ​​the Aristarchus crater, but the point is that the spots appeared on the shadowed side of the Moon and moved at speed. Moreover, in 1965, an American amateur astronomer from Arizona noticed a beam of light directed upward from a crater located in the shadow, this phenomenon was observed twice. And in 1968, three red spots began to increase in size. At this time, and still in the same crater, the Japanese recorded a pink spot, and in the crater itself there appeared stripes about 8 kilometers wide and up to 50 kilometers long, along which sparkling lights moved. And finally, on April 25, 1972, Rainer Klemm recorded a light “fountain” glowing for about a minute, which he captured in a photograph.

Everything previously listed and much more is recorded in the catalog of “short-term lunar phenomena” compiled by the English astronomer Patrick Moore. This catalog contains about 700 facts and anomalies. The anomalies collected in the catalogue, according to the author himself, do not explain the nature of their origin. However, official science does not provide explanations, but from the point of view of ufology, esotericism, etc., everything is explained - everything that happens on the Moon is connected with extraterrestrial intelligence.

Even more can be said by the special services that directly studied similar phenomena not only on the Moon, but also on Earth, where there were no less mysterious and inexplicable phenomena.

Lunar exploration, latest achievements

By the end of the 20th century, with the development of science and technology, these studies became more productive and informative. In 1994, the Clementine space probe discovered a strange, huge monolith in the Eastern Sea area, data about the discovery were transmitted to Earth. The data obtained was applied by computer to a three-dimensional map created by NASA using the latest space technologies. Similar monoliths emit a shadow, which was also discovered in the Lobachevsky crater.

Apollo 15 launched from the cosmodrome. Kennedy July 26, 1971 at 13:34 UTC. After about one and a half orbits around the Earth, astronauts David Scott (crew commander), Alfred Worden (command module pilot) and James Irwin (lunar module pilot), turning on the third stage engine, transferred the ship to the flight path to the Moon. The journey there took a little more than three days (78.5 hours). From Wikipedia

During the Apollo missions, many discoveries were made about the Moon. In particular, briefly according to the official version, it became clear that the Moon was formed from an ancient stone, its chemical composition is identical to that of the Earth, hence the idea that the Moon is a fragment of the Earth. There is no life on the Moon, that in the distant past it was almost molten, that it experienced a huge number of collisions. As a result of the collisions, as mentioned above: “about 400 million years ago, along with the Earth, they were subjected to a massive meteorite attack...”, the Moon’s surface is now cratered and covered with a layer of rock debris and dust. This is what it says officially!

And now what is not for the masses:

Astronauts from Apollo 15, according to Richard Boyle, saw and filmed such a monolith on the lunar surface. According to him, the object is of artificial origin and looks similar to a connected buoy left by an unknown civilization. This “buoy” could be activated using the means available on Apollo 15. Perhaps this monolith was secretly brought to Earth for comprehensive analysis.

Searches for artificial objects

And in 1994, they began a series of studies to search for artificial objects on the Moon. Using existing computers, about 80 thousand images of the polar regions of the Moon were processed. During these studies, 132 objects were discovered that resembled archaeological sites.

Thus, a photograph was obtained of a hill surrounded by rectangular pits, and the hill itself was angular. It is almost impossible for a landscape to naturally form in the form of holes around a hill; this is typical for artificial, earth-fill structures. Moreover, the hill itself is hollow in the center with a large dip. There are several similar rectangular hills, with dips in the middle at the top. And there is a similar hill surrounded by an interlacing of ramparts that resemble ruins.

From a geological point of view, it is impossible to explain the process of the appearance of these hills and small pits with a flat bottom and angular outlines discovered there. The depth of the pits is approximately 10 meters and from their appearance it can be assumed that these pits were formed by the extraction of water or minerals.

The photographs show hollows of round or rectangular shapes standing in regular rows, so it can be assumed that under the surface of the Moon there are rectangular voids, even systems of voids. These failures occurred due to meteorite impacts. And the voids themselves are more like artificial buildings in their location and in the fact that after the destruction, a complex network of low shafts remains, which look like load-bearing walls of huge buildings. Thus, it can be assumed that settlers trying to settle on the Moon appeared a long time ago, much earlier than on Earth.

Eyewitness accounts

By the way, objects of artificial origin were noticed on the surface of the Moon by American astronauts, but NASA classified all evidence. However, some of the information somehow found its way into the press. There is one well-known interview given by Neil Armstrong, the first person to descend to the surface of the Moon, in which he admitted: “The Moon is inhabited, and has been inhabited for a long time... Space research is carried out to divert attention, ships fly to it not at all in order to draw maps of its reverse sides, land the lunar rover and take soil samples. There are many military bases on the Moon, not alien, but not American either.”

To be fair, it is worth noting that shortly after this interview, Armstrong ended up in a mental hospital. What may be a reason for mistrust for some, however, according to negotiations between astronauts leaked to the press, there is every reason to believe that something unexpected was found on the Moon. And then almost all the astronauts who visited the Moon died due to unclear circumstances.

There is another very interesting, historical, but controversial fact that echoes Armstrong’s statement, which happened 14 years before the astronaut’s statement.

In August 1945, at the Postdam Conference, where the heads of the victorious countries gathered to negotiate the division and future fate of Germany. Then suddenly Stalin unexpectedly proposed discussing the problem of dividing the Moon. This statement caused bewilderment among others. Well, the statement about the priority of the USSR in the section of the Earth’s satellite generally shocked everyone. This conference was attended by the American historian and military translator Robert Mylin, who was there as an interpreter for US President Harry Truman. He recalls: “At first it seemed to Truman that Stalin’s words had not been translated correctly. “Excuse me, Mr. Stalin, you mean, of course, the division of Germany?” - he asked again. “No, Mr. Truman, you heard correctly, I mean exactly the division of the Moon. We agreed on Germany a long time ago. And remember, Mr. Truman, the USSR has enough strength and technical capabilities to prove our priority in the most serious way.”

The Americans did not delve into the reasons for Stalin’s strange behavior; they decided that not everything was right with his head. However, Truman did not want to start a quarrel with Stalin, so the document “On the priority of the USSR in the exploration of the Moon” was signed.”

Hero of the Soviet Union, Academician Fedorov, noted in his memoirs: “There were rumors that in the late thirties, in an environment of the strictest secrecy, Stalin was carrying out some kind of grandiose space project - it seemed like he was building an overpass for launching spaceships almost according to the sketches of Tsiolkovsky and Zander. At the same time, this most sensational film “Space Flight” was filmed with this overpass. The war did not allow us to complete what we started, but that was not the only reason. It was in 1937 that the entire rocket research institute was destroyed and imprisoned, designers Korolev and Glushko were arrested, and some engineers were shot “for high treason and espionage.” Who could run rocket science without them?”

Similar rumors circulated among the people. One of them was witnessed by the writer Fyodor Abramov in the article “Around the Bush.” There he recounts his conversation with an old man: “Under Comrade Stalin, we flew to the Moon and kept a garrison there. And our bald fool (Khrushchev) only launches horned balls into the sky and mongrels.”

Here is another fact taken from a letter sent to the Commission on Anomalous Phenomena. It contained the following expression: “...My brother served there (in terms of content this means on the Moon). Only before his death did he confess to my father and me...”

Just before his death, Hero of the Soviet Union test pilot Sergei Nikolaevich Anokhin also confessed to his friends about piloting a rocket in the forties.

And the most indisputable fact is that in 1937 the second People's Commissariat of the aviation industry was created, which is noteworthy that this People's Commissariat was subordinate only directly to Stalin, unlike the existing one. Moreover, the aircraft designers Lavochkin, Ilyushin and Tupolev themselves knew nothing about the activities of the secret People's Commissariat.

Also, in those same years, under the heading “top secret”, a super-secret facility “Kyiv-17” was founded near Kiev on the site of the current Chernobyl station. Within three months, a military camp, eight factories, huge hangars and warehouses were built. An airfield with several runways for receiving transport workers and the launch complex itself. Construction was completed by the beginning of the war, in June 1941. It was the war and the rapid advance of the Germans that forced the entire complex to be blown up.

And one more very interesting information on this topic. A brochure by Steve Bruce was published in the United States, describing the reasons for the fall of one of the largest radio telescopes in the world. This telescope is owned by the Green Bank National Radiospace Observatory in West Virginia. The telescope suddenly collapsed after 25 years of flawless operation. The commission investigating the incident came to the conclusion that the disaster occurred due to wear and tear of the aluminum structures of the complex. However, not everyone was satisfied with these conclusions, especially since similar telescopes never fell anywhere else.

And this same Bruce, after acquiring some documents and facts previously unknown, tried to reveal the true reason for the fall of the telescope.

In the late 80s, two American astrophysicists, while tracking the sky, suddenly received strange radio signals from the Moon. We tried to decipher it and nothing worked. They looked like computer text. Scientists, based on the fact that the nature of the signals bore signs of artificial origin, announced that they had detected the operation of Russian automatic devices on the Moon! American radars have repeatedly detected unknown spaceships flying towards the Moon at escape velocity.

These same astrophysicists turned with their guesses to their supervisor, Professor Hall, who decided to inform the senator from his state. Having agreed on a meeting, Hall took with him all the materials relating to this case and went to the meeting. On the way, he had an accident in which he died, and all the papers in the car caught fire. And a few days after the death of Professor Hall, the antenna of the Green Bank radio telescope collapsed.

Examination of the debris showed that the material was almost immediately heated to such a temperature that the structure immediately collapsed. And such instant heating can only be produced by laser weapons. Since the US Department of Defense did not confirm the use of laser weapons by the Russians, nor did they confirm the fact that Soviet satellites were flying over this territory, they formulated their version as negligence of service personnel.

These are the mysterious events that took place around the Moon. It turns out that official science does not know everything about the Moon, or they tell us something that is not classified as “top secret”!