What does consistent submission mean? SPP with sequential subordination. Structures with combined connection
In this type of SPP, simple sentences form a kind of chain: From the main sentence we ask the question of the 2nd subordinate clause, from the second we ask the question of the 3rd.
In the following examples, questions to the next clause will be placed in brackets.
And Nikolai went to work (why?) so that no one would say that he didn’t like his job (which one?), which he really didn’t like.
The SPP with a comma at the junction of 2 conjunctions has a sequential subordination.
He said that when father comes, we will go to the park. (The proposal is discussed below.)
Analysis: He said (what?) -> let's go to the park (when?) -> when father comes.
Non-union proposal
Non-union complex sentences
Non-union complex sentence- this is a complex sentence in which simple sentences are combined into one whole in meaning and intonation, without the help of conjunctions or allied words: [Habit from above to us given]: [replacement happiness she](A. Pushkin).
Semantic relations between simple sentences in conjunctions and non-union complex sentences are expressed differently. In allied sentences, conjunctions take part in their expression, so the semantic relationships here are more definite and clear. For example, union So expresses the consequence because- the reason, If- condition, however- opposition, etc.
Types of complex non-union sentences.
The most widespread classification of types of non-union sentences is based on lexical meaning. In accordance with this, the following SBP are distinguished:
- explanatory SBP:
Something incomprehensible was happening on the street: suddenly an incredible noise was heard.
- SBP with sequence value:
The spring sun peeked out from behind the clouds and it quickly became warmer.
- additional SBP:
He decided to go to work: he needed to go in place of his sick partner.
- SBP with condition value:
When I return home, I’ll kick everyone out.
- SBP with reason value:
There was the sound of the door opening: Vika had returned from school.
- SBP with time value:
The sun rose and the birds chirped happily.
- SBP with mapping value:
Time for business - time for fun.
- SBP with the meaning of the consequence:
The TV is broken: there was a power surge.
Direct speech and its presentation in writing.
Formatting direct speech
1. Direct speech must be highlighted in quotation marks.
3. If direct speech precedes the words of the author, then a comma and a dash should be placed after it. If direct speech contains an exclamation or question, then it should be followed by a question or exclamation mark and a dash. In all cases, the author’s words should begin with a capital letter. Sentences with direct speech:
“I won’t give you to anyone,” Anton whispered excitedly.
"Who's there?" – Pashka asked in fear.
"Let's run quickly!" - Seryozha shouted.
2. If you are supposed to put a dot at the place where direct speech breaks, then after direct speech you need to put a comma and a dash, and after the author’s words - a dot and a dash. In this case, the second part should be written with a capital letter. The format of direct speech in this case looks like this.
Only in the third quarter do ninth-graders become familiar with the topic “Types of subordination of subordinate clauses in complex sentences,” but they prepare for the exam from the beginning of the school year.
Let's try to figure out task 13 in the test part of the OGE. To observe, let us turn to the story of A.P. Chekhov's "Dear Lessons".
Let us recall the wording of this task: “Among the sentences___, find a complex sentence chomogeneous subordination. Write the number of this offer." Instead of words highlighted in bold style, there may be the following words: “ with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination" or " with sequential subordination».
Let’s define the conventions that will help us in analyzing the structure of a complex sentence (abbreviated SPP). To highlight the main part we use square brackets, for the subordinate part - round brackets (). We will begin to draw up both linear and vertical proposal diagrams.
First, let's practice drawing up IPS diagrams with one subordinate clause. Please note that the position of the subordinate clause can be different: preposition, interposition and postposition. The prefixes in the word "position" already contain an indication of the place of the subordinate clause in the sentence.
Let's look at examples.
1. Preposition of the adverbial clause of the goal: (To make it easier to breathe) 1, [he always works in a nightgown] 2.
2. Interposition of the adverbial subordinate tense: [The next day in the evening, (when the clock showed five minutes to seven) 2, Alisa Osipovna came] 1.
3. Postposition of the adverbial subordinate tense: [Vorotov felt this strongly] 1, (when, having left the university with a candidate’s degree, he took up small scientific work) 2.
In the first example, we found the subordinate clause at the beginning of the sentence, in the second - in the middle, in the third - at the end of the sentence.
Let us explain that complex sentences in the text can have various cases of complications, and if you do not recognize them, you may get confused, so we will explain these complications in each example. Thus, in the third sentence, the subordinate clause is complicated by a separate circumstance, expressed by the participial phrase (abbreviated DO).
Determine whether there are any types of complications in the following three examples. What position does the subordinate clause occupy in them?
2) Her facial expression was cold, businesslike, like that of a person who came to talk about money.
3) If this strange proposal had been made to a minor, she would probably have gotten angry and shouted.
You should have noticed that in the first two sentences the subordinate clause is in postposition, and in the last example it is in preposition.
So, let's test our powers of observation.
2. [The expression on her face was cold, businesslike, like a person] 1, (who came to talk about money) 2.
3. (If this strange proposal had been made to a minor) 1, [then, probably, she I'd be angry And shouted] 2 .
Linear diagrams are very convenient.
Now let's find out what types of complications we encountered here. The first sentence has a separate application, expressed by a proper noun, and homogeneous predicates. In the second - a separate circumstance, expressed by a comparative phrase, and homogeneous definitions are in the main part. And finally, the third sentence has an introductory word and homogeneous predicates in the main part.
We will not introduce all of these complications into the diagrams, since only homogeneous predicates play the main role in the structure of the IPP, but we will still keep them in mind.
Now let's get acquainted with the types of subordination in NGN, which have several subordinate parts.
It is difficult to say exactly which type is more common; most likely, various combinations and mixed cases are possible, when several types of subordination can be in one SPP. But you won’t see such examples on the exam.
Let's analyze the proposal:
And he also asked her if she wanted tea or coffee, if the weather was good outside.
In this sentence, from the main part to two explanatory subordinate clauses we ask the same question “about what?”, these subordinate clauses can easily be swapped with each other, they are very similar to homogeneous members of the sentence and are connected to the main part using the conjunction LI.
[And he also asked her] 1, (would she like tea or coffee) 2 , (is the weather good outside) 3 .
To compare the two types of schemes, we offer both: linear and vertical.
SPP SCHEME with homogeneous subordination:
This method of subordination is usually called homogeneous. If there were more than two subordinate clauses with a similar structure, then one of the LI conjunctions would be omitted to avoid repetition. But it is very easy to restore it.
Let's consider another proposal:
Now we find the main and subordinate parts and draw up diagrams.
[One winter afternoon, (when Vorotov sat in my office and have worked) 2, the footman reported] 1, (that some young lady was asking him) 3.
SPP SCHEME with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination:
Here, from the main part, we ask two different questions: the footman reported “when?” and “about what?” The subordinate parts are no longer homogeneous, they have different meanings: one of them is adverbial, the other explanatory. This method is called parallel.
Now let's look at the last example.
Only once did bewilderment flash across her face when she learned that she had been invited to teach not children, but an adult, fat man.
We come to the conclusion that subordinate clauses also answer different questions: there was a flash of bewilderment “when?”, she found out “about what?”. We ask these questions not from the main part, but sequentially: from the first subordinate clause to the second subordinate clause.
[Only once did bewilderment flash across her face] 1, (when she found out) 2, (that she was invited to teach not children, A adult, fat man) 3 .
NGN SCHEME with sequential subordination:
This method of submission is called sequential.
For self-examination, we offer five suggestions. Please note that you may encounter a mixed type of subordination if there are more than two subordinate parts.
Self-test
1) Alisa Osipovna, with a cold, businesslike expression, answered him that she had completed a course at a private boarding school and had the rights of a home teacher, that her father had recently died of scarlet fever, her mother was alive and making flowers...
2) She apologized and said that she could only study for half an hour, since she would go straight from class to the ball.
3) And Vorotov, looking at her embarrassment, realized how dear the ruble was to her and how hard it would be for her to lose this income.
4) She, apparently, did not want her gentlemen to know that she had students and that she gave lessons out of necessity.
Clue!
Here the conjunctions are highlighted in color, and all complications are in italics:
1. [Alice Osipovna with cold, businesslike answered him with an expression] 1, (that she completed a course in a private boarding school) 2 and (has the rights of a home teacher) 3, (that her father recently died of scarlet fever) 4, (her mother is alive ) 5 and (makes flowers) 6...
2. [She apologized And said] 1, (that he can only study for half an hour) 2, (since he will go straight from class to the ball) 3.
3. [And Vorotov, looking at her embarrassment, understood] 1, (how dear the ruble was to her) 2 and (how hard it would be for her to lose this income) 3.
4. [Hey, apparently, didn’t want] 1, (for her gentlemen to know) 2, (that she has students) 3 and (that she gives lessons out of necessity) 4.
Now let's re-read the entire story.
A.P. Chekhov
Dear Lessons
For an educated person, ignorance of languages is a great inconvenience. Vorotov felt this strongly when, having left the university with a candidate’s degree, he began doing small scientific work.
It's horrible! - he said breathlessly (despite his twenty-six years, he is plump, heavy and suffers from shortness of breath). - It's horrible! Without tongues I am like a bird without wings. Just quit your job.
And he decided at all costs to overcome his innate laziness and study French and German and began to look for teachers.
One winter afternoon, when Vorotov was sitting in his office and working, the footman reported that some young lady was asking him.
Ask,” said Vorotov.
And a young lady, exquisitely dressed in the latest fashion, entered the office. She introduced herself as a French teacher, Alisa Osipovna Anket, and said that she was sent to Vorotov by one of his friends.
Very nice! Sit down! - said Vorotov, gasping and covering the collar of his nightgown with his palm. (To make it easier to breathe, he always works in a nightgown.) - Pyotr Sergeich sent you to me? Yes, yes... I asked him... I'm very glad!
While negotiating with mlle Anket, he looked at her shyly and curiously. She was a real, very graceful Frenchwoman, still very young. Judging by her pale and languid face, short curly hair and unnaturally thin waist, she could be given no more than 18 years old; looking at her broad, well-developed shoulders, beautiful back and stern eyes, Vorotov thought that she was probably at least 23 years old, perhaps even 25; but then again it began to seem that she was only 18. The expression on her face was cold, businesslike, like that of a person who had come to talk about money. She never smiled, did not frown, and only once did bewilderment flash across her face, when she learned that she had been invited to teach not children, but an adult, fat man.
So, Alisa Osipovna,” Vorotov told her, “we will study every day from seven to eight in the evening. As for your desire to receive a ruble per lesson, I have nothing to object to. According to the ruble - so according to the ruble...
And he also asked her if she wanted tea or coffee, whether the weather was good outside, and, smiling good-naturedly, stroking the cloth on the table with his palm, he friendly inquired who she was, where she graduated from her course and how she lived.
Alisa Osipovna, with a cold, businesslike expression, answered him that she had completed a course in a private boarding school and had the rights of a home teacher, that her father had recently died of scarlet fever, her mother was alive and making flowers, that she, Mlle Anket, was studying in a private school until lunchtime. boarding house, and after dinner, until the evening, he goes to good houses and gives lessons.
She left, leaving behind a light, very delicate smell of a woman's dress. Vorotov did not work for a long time afterwards, but sat at the table, stroking the green cloth with his palms and thinking.
“It’s very nice to see girls earning a piece of bread for themselves,” he thought. - On the other hand, it is very unpleasant to see that poverty does not spare even such graceful and pretty girls as this Alisa Osipovna, and she also has to fight for existence. Trouble!..”
He, who had never seen virtuous French women, also thought that this elegantly dressed Alisa Osipovna, with well-developed shoulders and an exaggeratedly thin waist, in all likelihood, was doing something else besides her lessons.
The next day in the evening, when the clock showed five minutes to seven, Alisa Osipovna came, pink from the cold; She opened the Margot, which she had brought with her, and began without any preamble:
French grammar has twenty-six letters. The first letter is called A, the second B...
“I’m sorry,” Vorotov interrupted her, smiling. - I must warn you, mademoiselle, that for me personally you will have to slightly change your method. The fact is that I know Russian, Latin and Greek well... I studied comparative linguistics, and it seems to me that we can, bypassing Margot, directly start reading some author.
And he explained to the French woman how adults learn languages.
“One of my acquaintances,” he said, “wanting to learn new languages, put the French, German and Latin gospels in front of him, read them in parallel, and painstakingly parsed every word, and so what? He achieved his goal in less than one year. We will do the same. Let's take some author and read.
The Frenchwoman looked at him in bewilderment. Apparently, Vorotov’s proposal seemed very naive and absurd to her. If this strange proposal had been made to a minor, then she would probably have gotten angry and shouted, but since there was an adult and very fat man here, who could not be shouted at, she just shrugged her shoulders barely noticeably and said:
As you wish.
Vorotov rummaged in his bookcase and pulled out a tattered French book.
Is this any good? - he asked.
Doesn't matter.
In that case, let's get started. God bless. Let's start with the title... Memoires.
Memories,” mlle Anket translated.
Memories... - Vorotov repeated. Smiling good-naturedly and breathing heavily, he fiddled with the word memoires for a quarter of an hour and the same amount with the word de, and this tired Alisa Osipovna. She answered questions sluggishly, was confused and, apparently, did not understand her student well and did not try to understand. Vorotov asked her questions, and meanwhile he looked at her blond head and thought: “Her hair is not naturally curly, it curls. Marvelous! He works from morning to night and still manages to curl his hair.”
Exactly at eight o'clock she got up and, saying the dry, cold “au revoir, monsieur” (goodbye, sir - French), left the office, and that gentle, subtle, exciting smell was left behind. The student again did nothing for a long time, sat at the table and thought.
In the days that followed, he became convinced that his teacher was a sweet, serious and neat young lady, but that she was very uneducated and did not know how to teach adults; and he decided not to waste time, part with her and invite another teacher. When she came for the seventh time, he took an envelope with seven rubles from his pocket and, holding it in his hands, became very embarrassed and began like this:
Sorry, Alisa Osipovna, but I have to tell you... I’ve been put in a difficult situation...
Looking at the envelope, the Frenchwoman guessed what was the matter, and for the first time during all the lessons, her face trembled, and the cold, businesslike expression disappeared. She blushed slightly and, lowering her eyes, began nervously fingering her thin gold chain. And Vorotov, looking at her embarrassment, realized how dear the ruble was to her and how hard it would be for her to lose this income.
“I have to tell you...” he muttered, becoming even more embarrassed, and something sank in his chest; he hastily put the envelope in his pocket and continued:
Sorry, I... I'll leave you for ten minutes...
And pretending that he did not want to refuse her at all, but only asked permission to leave her for a while, he went into another room and sat there for ten minutes. And then he returned even more embarrassed; he realized that she could explain this departure of his for a short time somehow in her own way, and he felt awkward.
Lessons started again.
Vorotov worked without any desire. Knowing that no good would come of the lessons, he gave the Frenchwoman complete freedom, without asking her anything or interrupting her. She translated, as she wanted, ten pages into one lesson, but he did not listen, breathed heavily, and with nothing to do, looked at her curly head, then at her neck, then at her delicate white hands, inhaling the smell of her dress...
He caught himself thinking bad thoughts, and he felt ashamed, or he was touched, and then he felt sadness and annoyance because she behaved with him so coldly, matter-of-factly, as with a student, without smiling and as if afraid that he might touch to her by accident. He kept thinking: how could he instill confidence in her, get to know her briefly, then help her, let her understand how badly she teaches, poor thing.
Alisa Osipovna once came to class in an elegant pink dress with a small neckline, and such a scent came from her that it seemed as if she was shrouded in a cloud, as if you just had to blow on her and she would fly or dissipate like smoke. She apologized and said that she could only study for half an hour, since she would go straight from class to the ball.
He looked at her neck and at her back, bare near the neck, and it seemed to him that he understood why French women have a reputation for being frivolous and easily falling creatures; he was drowning in this cloud of aromas, beauty, nudity, and she, not knowing his thoughts and probably not at all interested in them, quickly turned over the pages and translated at full speed:
“He was walking on the street and met a gentleman of his acquaintance and said: “Where are you rushing, seeing your face so pale, it hurts me.”
Memoires had long been finished, and now Alice was translating some other book. Once she came to class an hour earlier, excusing herself by saying that she had to go to the Maly Theater at seven o’clock. After seeing her off after class, Vorotov got dressed and also went to the theater. He went, as it seemed to him, only to relax and have fun, and he had no thoughts about Alice. He could not allow a serious person, preparing for an academic career, difficult to climb, to give up his job and go to the theater only to meet there with an unfamiliar, not smart, little intelligent girl...
But for some reason, during intermissions, his heart began to beat; without noticing it, the boy ran around the foyer and along the corridors, impatiently looking for someone; and he became bored when the intermission ended; and when he saw the familiar pink dress and beautiful shoulders under the tulle, his heart sank, as if from a premonition of happiness, he smiled joyfully and for the first time in his life experienced a jealous feeling.
Alice was walking with some two ugly students and an officer. She laughed, spoke loudly, apparently flirted; Vorotov had never seen her like this. Obviously, she was happy, content, sincere, warm. From what? Why? Because, perhaps, these people were close to her, from the same circle as her... And Vorotov felt a terrible gap between himself and this circle. He bowed to his teacher, but she nodded coldly to him and quickly walked past; she, apparently, did not want her gentlemen to know that she had students and that she gave lessons out of necessity.
After meeting at the theater, Vorotov realized that he was in love... During the next lessons, devouring his graceful teacher with his eyes, he no longer fought with himself, but gave full speed to his pure and impure thoughts. Alisa Osipovna’s face never ceased to be cold, at exactly eight o’clock every evening she calmly said “au revoir, monsieur,” and he felt that she was indifferent to him and would remain indifferent and his situation was hopeless.
Sometimes in the middle of a lesson he would begin to dream, hope, make plans, mentally compose a love declaration, remember that French women are frivolous and pliable, but it was enough for him to look at the teacher’s face for his thoughts to instantly go out, like a candle goes out when there is a wind in the countryside. you take it out to the terrace. Once he, drunk, lost in delirium, could not stand it and, blocking her path when she was leaving the office after class in the hallway, choking and stuttering, began to declare his love:
You are dear to me! I... I love you! Let me speak!
And Alice turned pale - probably from fear, realizing that after this explanation she would no longer be able to come here and receive a ruble for a lesson; she made frightened eyes and whispered loudly:
Oh, this is impossible! Don't talk, please! It is forbidden!
And then Vorotov did not sleep all night, tormented by shame, scolding himself, thinking intensely. It seemed to him that with his explanation he had insulted the girl, that she would no longer come to him.
He decided to find out her address in the address table in the morning and write her a letter of apology. But Alice came without a letter. At first she felt awkward, but then she opened the book and began to translate quickly and smartly, as always:
- “Oh, young master, don’t tear up these flowers in my garden that I want to give to my sick daughter...”
She still walks today. Four books have already been translated, but Vorotov knows nothing except the word “memoires,” and when he is asked about his scientific work, he waves his hand and, without answering the question, starts talking about the weather.
In this chapter:
§1. Types of subordination in NGN with several subordinate clauses
An IPP can have more than one subordinate clause. In this case, it is important to understand how all the parts of a complex sentence are related to each other, what obeys what. Three types are possible:
1) consistent submission,
2) parallel subordination,
3) homogeneous subordination.
Consistent submission
With sequential subordination, a chain of sentences is formed: the first subordinate clause is subordinate to the main clause, the second subordinate clause is subordinate to the first subordinate clause, etc. With this type of subordination, each subordinate clause is the main one for the subsequent subordinate clause.
I'm afraid that Anna will be late for the exam, which is scheduled to start early in the morning.
Scheme: [...], (union What...), (conjunctive word which…).
With sequential subordination, the subordinate clause related to the main one is called a subordinate clause of the first degree, and the next subordinate clause is called a subordinate clause of the second degree, etc.
Parallel subordination
If subordinate clauses of different types belong to one main sentence, then parallel subordination is formed. With this type of subordination, both subordinate clauses belong to the same main clause. It is important that these clauses are of different types and they answer different questions.
When the teacher came in, the kids stood up to greet her.
Scheme: (conjunctive word When…), [ … ], (union to …).
Homogeneous Subordination
If subordinate clauses are sentences of the same type and refer to the same member of the main sentence or the entire main sentence as a whole, then a homogeneous subordination is formed. With homogeneous subordination, subordinate clauses answer the same question.
I suddenly felt how the tension subsided and how light my soul became.
Scheme: [...], (union How...) and (union How …).
Subordinate explanatory clauses are similar to homogeneous members of the sentence; they are connected to each other by the conjunction And. Both subordinate clauses refer to the main clause of the sentence. There is no comma between them.
It is important that with homogeneous subordination, conjunctions or allied words can be omitted, which is typical for sentences with several subordinate clauses.
Test of strength
Find out your understanding of this chapter.
Final test
Is it true that an IPP can have more than one subordinate clause?
What is subordination called when the first subordinate clause is subordinated to the main clause, the second to the first, etc.?
- consistent submission
- homogeneous subordination
- parallel subordination
What is subordination called when subordinate clauses of different types are attached to one main clause?
- consistent submission
- homogeneous subordination
- parallel subordination
What is subordination called when subordinate clauses are sentences of the same type and refer to the same member of the main sentence or the entire main sentence as a whole?
- consistent submission
- homogeneous subordination
- parallel subordination
When the performance ended, the children clapped so that the artists felt their gratitude.?
- consistent submission
- parallel subordination
- homogeneous subordination
What is subordination in a sentence: I think that in the next episode the hero will save the girl he is in love with.?
- consistent submission
- parallel subordination
- homogeneous subordination
What is subordination in a sentence: I heard the door slam and people talking in the hallway.?
- consistent submission
- parallel subordination
- homogeneous subordination
What is subordination in a sentence: I think that my brother will be happy with my gift and that I made a very good choice.?
- consistent submission
- parallel subordination
- homogeneous subordination
SPP with several subordinate clauses
A table with examples will help determine what types they are divided into
complex sentences with three or more predicative parts.
| Type of subordination of the subordinate part to the main part | Examples |
| Sequential | [The guys ran into the river], (the water in which had already warmed up enough), (because it had been incredibly hot in recent days). |
| Parallel | (TOwhen the speaker finished speaking), [silence reigned in the hall], (as the audience was shocked by what they heard). |
| Homogeneous | [Anton Pavlovich talked about] (that reinforcements will soon arrive) and (that you just need to be patient a little). |
Something to remember
A good assistant in mastering SPP with several subordinate clauses are exercises, the implementation of which will help consolidate the acquired knowledge.
In this case, it is better to follow the algorithm:
Highlight all means of communication, not forgetting about compound or adjacent conjunctions. Establish semantic connections between parts: to do this, first find the main one, then ask question(s) from it to the subordinate clause(s).
Construct a diagram, showing with arrows the dependence of the parts on each other, and place punctuation marks in it. Move commas into the written sentence.
Thus, attentiveness in the construction and analysis (including punctuation) of a complex sentence - SPP with several subordinate clauses specifically - and reliance on the above-listed features of this syntactic construction will ensure the correct completion of the proposed tasks.
Exercises on the topic " SPP with several subordinate clauses"
Exercise 1.DETERMINE THE TYPE OF SUBMISSION IN THE IBS:
1. A hero is a person who, at a decisive moment, does what needs to be done in the interests of human society.
2. To develop character, you need to cultivate will in yourself, since a person without will is a toy in the hands of any rogue.
3. In order not to impoverish his life, in order to be happy, a person must be able to understand another.
4. When you see a person whose face is distorted with anger, you just need to smile.
5. In the morning, Repin hurried to the studio and there he literally tortured himself with creativity, because he was an unparalleled worker and was even ashamed of the passion for work that forced him from dawn to dusk to devote all his strength to his canvases.
6. Sometimes, when you entered the room that was located under his studio, you heard the tramp of his old feet, because after each stroke he went away to look at his canvas.
7. It is unknown what Prishvin would have done in his life if he had remained an agronomist.
9. From people who have just put down a book by Prishvin that they had read, I have heard several times that his books are “real witchcraft.”
10. In the silence, one could clearly hear how the man groaned and how heavily the crust crunched under the feet of the bear, which was driven out of the forest by an unusual roar and crackling sound.
Exercise 2. Determine the type of subordination of subordinate clauses as part of the IPP.
1. To imagine Vera’s life, he had to travel back a quarter of a century to the time when he was a student, thin, active.
2. When everyone went out to dinner and she was left alone with Ulyasha, Zhenya remembered everything in detail.
3. They sat at one of the windows, which were so dusty, prim and huge that they seemed like some kind of bottle glass establishments where you couldn’t wear a hat.
4. And the next morning she began asking questions about what Motovilikha was and what they did there at night.
5. Before talking about my journey to the “land of unafraid birds,” I would like to explain why I decided to go from the center of the intellectual life of our homeland to the wilds.
6. When Zhenya later remembered that day on Osinskaya Street, where they lived then, it always seemed sad to her.
7. In the corps they said that his irresistible fierceness was tamed by the quiet, angelic general’s wife, whom none of the cadets saw, because she was constantly ill.
8. Pierre, who was caressed and glorified when he was the best groom of the Russian Empire after his marriage, lost greatly in the opinion of society.
9. And dad read a note that last night the seismic station of the observatory noted small tremors in our city, a consequence of a distant earthquake, the epicenter of which is located on the Asia Minor coast of the Black Sea in Turkey, where several villages were destroyed.
10. He is glad that he returned and that he will meet this day with his comrades.
11. Accompanied by a telephone operator with a reel of cable and two messengers, they found themselves at the top when the sun was already approaching the horizon and its first rays were trying to break through the sky covered with clouds and a veil of smoke.
12. Zvyagintsev could not understand where he was, although he knew this area well.
13. He painfully tried to remember what these places looked like before in order to get his bearings.
14. They [the old people] said that when the tunnel was finished, it was necessary to move the wagons to Bek-Tash.
15. Artemyev confirmed that the leading surgeon of the medical battalion is still the same as he was under Serpilin.
16. Having reported to the general everything that was needed, he went to his room, in which, having returned a long time ago and waiting for him, Prince Galtsin was sitting.
17. We calculated that if we followed the path, we would go out to the Naina River and meet the Koreans.
18. And, of course, they did not notice that on one of the pages of this newspaper was printed the very poem that Byron mentally recited.
Answers to exercise No. 2 on the topic “Types of subordination of subordinate clauses in the composition of NGNs.”
1. parallel
2. homogeneous
3. sequential
4. homogeneous
5. parallel
6. sequential
7. sequential
8. sequential
9.sequential
10. homogeneous
11. homogeneous
12. parallel
13. parallel
14. sequential
15. sequential
16. parallel
17. sequential
18. sequential
Test on the topic “Complex sentence with several subordinate clauses”
1. In which complex sentence is there sequential subordination between the main and subordinate clauses?
1) The more a person knows, the more he sees the poetry of the earth where a person with meager knowledge will never find it.
2) Savrasov looked at us from another world, where giant sorcerers live and from where one cannot leave for a long time with impunity.
3) My temples began to press slightly, like my head does when you spin on a carousel for a long time.
4) I was born in a forest farm and spent part of my childhood in dense forests, where bears walk along drags and impenetrable swamps, and wolves drag in packs.
2. In which complex sentence is there a homogeneous subordination between the main and subordinate clauses?
1) He kissed his wife carefully and went into the room where paints, brushes, canvas were waiting for him - everything without which he could not imagine a single day of his life.
2) From the Kremlin wall, on which Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich stands, you can see how the rowers are exhausted, fighting against the current.
3) You could hear the Neva splashing restlessly nearby and a wet flag humming somewhere over the roofs.
4) When this conversation was going on, in the next room there was a village miller, whom Ivan Kolymet called to Kurbsky’s estate to grind grain.
3. In which complex sentence is there a heterogeneous (parallel) subordination between the main and subordinate clauses?
1) Everything that the company had to do in the dark, Ryumin not only knew consistently, but also saw in that sharpened ray of light that was centered in his mind.
2) Although there is an inscription above the gate that the building is under state protection, no one is guarding it.
3) Ignatius Khvostov told his comrades about who Trajan was and what cruel persecution he subjected to the first Christians.
4) It is not known whether the yacht was built before Peter’s first visit by Bazhenin or whether it was presented to the Russian Tsar by Dutch merchants.
4. Explain the placement of a comma and a dash in a complex sentence.
But so that villages fall,
So that the fields are empty -
We are blessed for that
The King of Heaven hardly gave! (A.K. Tolstoy).
1. A comma separates subordinate clauses of a sentence, and a dash separates two homogeneous clauses from the main part.
2. A comma separates subordinate subordinate clauses of a sentence, and a dash separates homogeneous subordinate clauses standing in front of the main part, since when reading there is a significant pause between them (for the purpose of intonation highlighting of subordinate clauses).
5. What sign is used to separate homogeneous subordinate clauses in the structure of a polynomial complex sentence?
It was that hour before night when outlines, lines, colors, distances are erased, when daylight is still confused, inextricably linked, with night light (M. Sholokhov).
1. Comma.
2. Semicolon, since homogeneous subordinate clauses are common: there are homogeneous members and a separate clause.
6. What type of subordination is presented in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses?
I don’t know whether grace will touch my painfully sinful soul, whether it will be able to rise and rise. Will the spiritual fainting pass? (F. Tyutchev).
1. Homogeneous subordination.
2. Heterogeneous subordination.
7. Is a comma necessary at the junction of two subordinating conjunctions in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses? How many total commas do you need to put in this sentence?
Fyodor expected that when he saw not a reproduction, but a canvas that was touched by the hand of Surikov himself, he would be stunned and take his breath away, and then he would dream about it at night (V. Tendryakov).
1. A comma is needed; only seven commas.
2. A comma is not needed; only six commas.
8. Determine the type of subordination in a polynomial complex sentence.
At this time, it is usually indecent for ladies to go, because the Russian people love to express themselves in such harsh expressions, which they probably will not hear even in the theater (N. Gogol).
1. Heterogeneous subordination.
2. Consistent submission.
9. Determine the types of subordinate clauses in a polynomial complex sentence. What type of subordination is represented in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses?
And so that the children would not tease the beggars, he [Nosopyr] pretended to be a cow doctor, carrying a canvas bag with a red cross on his side, where he kept a chisel for cutting off hooves and dry bunches of St. John's wort grass (V. Belov).
1. Heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses: the main part is joined by the subordinate clause of the goal and the subordinate clause of the attribute.
2. Heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses: the main part is joined by the subordinate part of the purpose and the subordinate part of the place.
10. How many parts does this complex sentence with several subordinate clauses consist of and what type of subordination is represented in it?
The next day Sanin, still lying in bed, like Emil, in a festive dress, with a cane in his hand and heavily pomaded, burst into his room and announced that Herr Klüber would now arrive with a carriage, that the weather promised to be amazing, that they everything is ready, but that mom won’t go because she has a headache again (I. Turgenev).
1. The sentence contains eight parts; a homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses is presented.
2. The sentence contains seven parts; mixed subordination of subordinate clauses is presented.
11. What type of subordination is presented in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses? Explain why there is only one comma in the sentence.
When winter came and the garden and house were covered with snow, a wolf howl was heard at night (A.N. Tolstoy).
1. Sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.
2. Sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.
12. Analyze complex sentences. Select simple parts and set their number. Determine the nature of the connection between them.
At times, Maria was ready to believe that some ancient artist miraculously guessed that the girl Maria would one day appear in the world, and in advance created a portrait of her in bas-relief of a mysterious, enchanted palace, which was supposed to remain intact underground for centuries (V. Bryusov) .
1. The sentence consists of four parts, connected using mixed subordination.
2. The sentence consists of five parts, connected using a homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.
13. Analyze complex polynomial sentences with subordinating connections. Establish the method of connecting subordinate and main parts, name the type of subordinate clauses.
Since Chekhov had no novels, it seemed obvious that he had nothing to do with Dostoevsky, Turgenev, or Goncharov (M. Gromov).
1. The subordinate part of the reason is attached to the main part through a semantic causal conjunction because; the explanatory clause is attached to the main part through the functional conjunction that; The polynomial represents a heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.
2. Sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses; the subordinate part of the reason is attached to the main part by the semantic causal conjunction since; the explanatory clause is attached to the main part by the functional conjunction that.
14. How many commas should be put in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses? Name the type of subordination of subordinate parts to the main one.
In the middle of the day, the cow was released into the field so that it would walk according to its will and so that it would feel better (A. Platonov).
1. One comma; homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.
2. Two commas; heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.
15. Name the type of subordinate clauses, establish the method of connecting the subordinate clauses and the main parts.
The fog lasted for a long time, until eleven o’clock, until some force was found that lifted it upward (V. Rasputin).
1. Sentence with mixed subordination; the subordinate clause of time is attached to the main part by the semantic temporary conjunction not yet, the subordinate clause is joined to the main part by the conjunctive word which.
2. Sentence with sequential subordination; the subordinate clause of time is attached to the main part by the semantic temporary conjunction not yet, the subordinate clause is joined to the main part by the conjunctive word which.
16. Is a comma necessary at the junction of two conjunctions - coordinating and subordinating? How many commas should there be in this complex sentence?
That night Chubarev also did not go to bed, and when he finally escorted everyone out of the office and looked at his watch, he just shrugged his shoulders (P. Proskurin).
1. A comma is not needed; two commas.
2. A comma is needed; three commas.
3. A comma is needed; five commas.
17. Determine the type of subordination in a polynomial complex sentence. Is a comma necessary before AND?
When the burdocks rustle in the ravine
And the bunch of yellow-red rowan will fade,
I write funny poems
About perishable, perishable and beautiful life (A. Akhmatova).
1. Heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses; a comma is needed.
2. Homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses; no comma needed.
Complex sentence with several subordinate clauses (answers)
1. 3)
2. 3)
3. 1)
4. 2)
5. 2)
6. 1)
7. 1)
8. 2)
9. 1)
10. 2)
11. 2)
12. 1)
13. 1)
14. 1)
15. 2)
16. 1)
17. 2)
Among sentences 3-10, find a complex sentence with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.
(3) Something has closed in Fyodor. (4) My head was empty. (5) In class, when they picked him up, he stood up, confused, not knowing what to say, and the guys already started giggling at him, immediately coming up with the nickname Gloomy Burcheev. (6) But Fyodor did not seem to hear this either. (7) His body seemed to have lost the ability to sense, and his soul to feel. (8) After classes, he got on the bus and went to the old district.
(9) On one of these visits, an excavator operator loading crushed stone into a dump truck shouted to Fedor:
- (10) Hey, guy! Clean up your dovecote!
Correct answer: 5
A comment:
A complex sentence with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination of subordinate clauses must, firstly, be complex, that is, have subordinating conjunctions; secondly, it is necessary that the subordinate clauses answer different questions, this is precisely the main feature of parallel subordination; thirdly, there must be at least three basics.
Proposition 5 meets all these conditions.
[In class, (when he raised), he got up, confused, not knowing], (what say), and the guys already started giggling at him, immediately coming up with the nickname Gloomy Burcheev.
Simple sentences within a complex sentence (SPP) are highlighted in brackets; stems are in italics.
What you need to know:
In a complex sentence there can be not one subordinate clause, but two, three, four or more. Subordinate clauses are connected not only with the main part of the sentence, but also with each other. This connection can be different in nature:
Homogeneous Subordination
Subordination is considered homogeneous, and subordinate clauses are considered homogeneous under two conditions:
- If subordinate clauses refer to the entire main clause or to the same word.
- They are clauses of the same type.
Example: She knew that the girls looked warily at the closed door of the room, that they felt connected... (Yu. German).
[ - = ], (what - =), (what = -)...
NoteThe subordinating conjunction (or allied word) in the second of the homogeneous subordinate clauses may be absent, but it can be easily restored from the first subordinate clause, for example: He was no longer afraid, although the thunder crackled as before and (although) lightning striped the whole sky (A. Chekhov). Pay attention to the absence of a comma between the two subordinate clauses: there is none, since the subordinate clauses are homogeneous and are connected by the conjunction I.
[ = ], (although - =) and ((although) - =).
Heterogeneous (parallel) subordination
If of the two conditions of homogeneous subordination only one is satisfied and the other is not, then we are dealing with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination.
Thus, subordinate clauses with heterogeneous subordination either refer to one thing, but at the same time are subordinate clauses of different types, or, being subordinate clauses of the same type (usually these are attributive clauses), refer to different words.
Example: When we got up, it was impossible to understand what time it was (A. Chekhov).
(When - =), [then = ], (which -).
Consistent submission
With sequential subordination, subordinate clauses are connected to each other as if in a chain: the first subordinate clause refers to the main clause (this is a subordinate clause of the 1st degree), the second subordinate clause refers to the first (subordinate clause of the 2nd degree), the third - to the second (subordinate clause of the 3rd degree), etc.
Example: It was a beautiful July day, one of those days that happen when the weather has settled for a long time (I. Turgenev).
[ = - ], (which =), (when - =).
With sequential subordination, a combination of two subordinating conjunctions or a subordinating conjunction and a conjunction word (what if, what when, what why, etc.) is possible. In such cases, the second clause appears inside the first.
It so happened that when we were driving, there was not the slightest swell (M. Prishvin).
[ = ], (what, (when - =), =)
Combined submission
In a complex sentence with a large number of subordinate clauses, combined subordination is possible (homogeneous and parallel, homogeneous and sequential, sequential and parallel; homogeneous, sequential and parallel).
Example:In the evening the storm became so intense that it was impossible to hear whether the wind was humming or thunder roaring.(I. Goncharov) (consistent and homogeneous submission)
[ - = ], (what =), (= whether -) or (= -).
(consistent and homogeneous subordination).
Example: To move forward, look back often, otherwise you will forget where you came from and where you need to go(L. Andreev).
(To =), [ = ], (otherwise - =), (from where - =) and (where =).
(homogeneous, parallel and sequential submission).